Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Nason Ch 10
Thinking and Language Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cognition | the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating |
| Concept | a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people |
| Prototype | a mental image or best example of a category |
| Algorithm | a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarentees solving a particular problem. Contrasts with the usual speedier- but also more error-prone- use of heuristics |
| Heuristic | a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgements and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier, but also more error-prone, than algorithms |
| Insight | a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem; it contrasts with strategy-based solutions |
| Confirmation Bias | a tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconception |
| Fixation | the inability to see a problem from a new perspective; an impediment to problem solving |
| Mental Set | a tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, often a way that has been sucessful in the past |
| Functional Fixedness | the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving |
| Representativeness Heuristic | judging the liklihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead one to ignore other relevant data or information |
| Availability Heuristic | estimating the liklihood of events based o their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness) we presume such events are common |
| Overconfidence | the tendency to be more confident than correct- to overestimate the accuracy of one's beliefs and judgements |
| Framing | the way an issue is posed; how this is done can significantly affect decisions and judgements |
| Belief Bias | the tendency for one's preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning, sometimes by making invalid conclusions seem valid, or valid conclusions seem invalid |
| Belief Perserverance | clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited |
| Language | our spoken, written, or signed words and the way we combine them to communicate meaning |
| Phenome | in a language, the smallest distinctive sound unit |
| Morpheme | in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or part of a word (such as a suffix) |
| Grammar | in a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others |
| Sematics | the set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences into a given language; also, the study of meaning |
| Syntax | the rules for combining words into gramatically sensible sentences in a given language |
| Babbling Stage | beginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language |
| One-Word Stage | the stage in speech development, from about age 1-2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words |
| Two-Word Stage | beginning about age 2, teh stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly two-word statements |
| Telegraphic Speech | early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram using mostly nouns and verbs and omitting auxillary words |
| Linguisitic Determination | Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think |
Created by:
cookie_luv
Popular Psychology sets