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CSA of head
Lee's cross-sectional anatomy of the head
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The Brain | outgrowth of the spinal cord. enclosed in the skull.processes and interprets sensory impulses.weighs about 3 lbs. |
| The brains main parts: | The brainstem The cerebellum The inner and outer forebrain (these form the cerebrum) |
| BRAINSTEM | Approximately 3 in. long It is the upper club end of the spinal cord It Contains three parts: Medulla Pons Midbrain |
| Medulla | at the lower end of the brainstem. Contains the nerve centers that control breathing, heartbeat, and other vital body processes. |
| PONS | Prominent band of fibers between the midbrain and medulla |
| MIDBRAIN | Smallest division located between the diencephalon and the pons. It surrounds the cerebral aqueduct that contains the CSF |
| CEREBELLUM | Located posterior to the pons and the medulla It occupies the posterior cranial fossa controls muscle tone and coordinates muscular activities of the body |
| CEREBRUM | Largest portion of the brain two cerebral hemispheres connected by white matter ( corpus callosum) White matter- contains nerve fibers covered with a white fatty substance called myelin Grey matter- contains nerve cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers |
| VENTRICLES | Fluid filled cavities within the brain There are 4 ventricles in the brain: Two lateral ventricles Third ventricle Fourth ventricle |
| TWO LATERAL VENTRICLES | One in each hemisphere The largest portion of the lateral ventricle is located in the parietal lobe These ventricles extend into the frontal lobes as anterior horns and into the temporal lobes as the inferior horns |
| THIRD VENTRICLE | narrow midline chamber enclosed by the DIENCEPHALON lateral walls formed by the right and left masses of the THALAMUS The EPITHALAMUS and HYPOTHALAMUS form the roof and floor communicates with fourth by the AQUEDUCT of SYLVIUS |
| FOURTH VENTRICLE | It lies internal to the PONS and MEDULLA at the level of the cerebellum It has two openings in its lateral walls called the FORAMINA of LUSCHKA It also, contains the FORAMEN of MAGENDIE located in the medial aspect of the dorsal wall |
| MENINGES | Dura Mater Arachnoid Pia Mater |
| DURA MATER | It is the outermost layer comprised of tough fibrous connective tissue It serves to support and protect the brain |
| ARACHNOID | the middle layer extremely thin and delicate separated from the dura mater by a small subdural space that contains only enough CSF to keep the surrounding structures moist The arachnoid is separated from the pia mater by the sub-arachnoid space |
| PIA MATER | It is the innermost layer of the meninges It is very thin, highly vascular and adheres to the cortical tissue of the brains outer surface It closely follows the contour of the brain |
| Cortex | Outer cover of layer of cerebrum located in the gray matter |
| Myelinated Fibers | Axoms – improves conduction located in the white matter |
| Gyri | Ridges on the surface of the cortex |
| Sulci | Furrows between the gyri |
| Longitudinal Fissure | A fold of dura mater that separates the 2 hemispheres |
| Superior Sagittal Sinus | Blood reservoir Triangular in cross section near the falx cerebri |
| Corpus Callosum | White matter joining 2 cerebral hemispheres |
| Genu | Anterior end of corpus callosum |
| Splenium | Posterior end of the corpus callosum |
| Cerebral Lobes | Frontal ( 2 ) Temporal ( 2 ) Insulates the cerebral lobe Involved with autonomic and somatic activities |
| Choroid Plexus | Vascular structure in roof of ventricle Produces CSF |
| Caudate Nucleus | One of the largest of the basal ganglia Serves as a relay station between the thalamus & cerebral cortex Consists of a head body and tail |
| Lentiform Nucleus | Centrally located in the basal ganglia Important role in movement Biconvex lens shaped mass |
| Putamen | Also called straitum External lateral part of the lentiform One of the most prominent nuclei |
| Globus pallidus | Also referred to as straitum Medial- internal part of the lentiform One of the two most prominent nuclei |
| Amaygdaloid Nucleus | Located anterior to the putamen Lateral portion of the pituitary Part of the limbic system |
| Claustrum | Basal ganglia |
| Thalamus | 2 large oval masses of gray matter Act as relay station |
| Dura Mater | Thin delicate middle membrane covering the brain Spider like projections that attach to pia mater |
| Subarachnoid space | CSF circulates here Located between arachnoid & pia mater |
| Lateral Ventricle | Cavity in each lateral hemisphere with CSF |
| Septum Pellucidum | Thin partition separating lateral ventricles |
| Fornix | Enlargement of the septum pellucidum |
| Third Ventricle | Cavity where CSF fluid circulates Enclosed by the diencephalon |
| Midbrain | Located between the brainstem & cerebrum above the pons Smallest portion of the brainstem |
| Pons | Bridge located between medulla oblongata & midbrain |
| Diencephalon | Part of the brain located between the cerebrum & midbrain |
| Cerebral Peduncles | Rope like bundles located on the ventral midbrain |
| Substantia Nigra | Produce dopamine Area of deep pigmented neurons Thought to be involved in motor function |
| Interpeduncular Cistern | Contains the “Circle of Willis” An anastmoses in the brain for blood circulation Joins the 2 anterior middle and post anteriors to form a circle of circulation |
| Mammary Bodies | Two spherical masses Function in swallowing |
| Optic Tracts | Optic nerves Located posterior to the optic chiasma |
| Cerebral Aqueduct | A cavity that connects the third and fourth ventricals |
| Corpora Quadrigemia | Four oval bodies Posterior to midbrain Located in the visual pathway |
| Superior Cistern | Contains the great cerebral vein and pineal gland |
| Cerebellum | Second largest part of the brain Located posterior to the pons and medulla Inferior to the cerebrum |
| Vermis | Connects the cerebellar hemispheres |
| Tentorium Cerebelli | Located between the cerebrum and cerebellum |
| Diencephalon | Part of the brain located between the cerebrum and midbrain |
| Cerebrum | Largest portion of the brain Controls motor function Divided into six lobes in each hemisphere: Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal Limbic Insula |
| Circle of Willis | If one of the arteries of the brain becomes blocked or impaired, there is always an alternate route for blood circulation |
| Medulla Oblongata | Most inferior part / the brain stem Contains the spinal cord Contains centers for regulation of heartbeat, respiration, blood pressure Contains reflux centers control swallowing, coughing, sneezing and vomiting Relays messages to parts of the brain |
Created by:
bunkie2801
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