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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Tainos | Natives in the west indies that Columbus made contact with. |
| Conquistadors | Spanish Conquerers |
| Hispaniola | The islands where conquistadors and columbus lived |
| Aztecs | Great Indian empire from Mexico |
| Incas | Great indian empire in present day Peru |
| Tenochtitlan | The Aztec capital which after became Mexico city |
| New spain | Most important spanish province situated in Mexico |
| Viceroys | Representatives who ruled each spanish province in the name of the King |
| Audencias | Lesser spanish officials who helped the viceroys rule |
| Council of the Indies | Group appointed by the king of spain to pass laws for spanish provinces in america |
| Plantations | Large estates |
| economiendas | The right of spanish colonists to demand labor or tribute from the Native population |
| Peons | Workers forced to labor for a landlord to pay off a debt |
| New laws of the indies | 1542, ended the enslavement of the negative americans in spanish america |
| Peninsulars | People born in spain |
| Creoles | American born descendants of spanish settlers |
| Mestizos | People of mixed native american and european descent |
| mulattoes | People of african and european descent |
| New france | Present day Newfoundland, canada |
| Jamestown | First permanent colony (13 in total) |
| Treaty of Paris | Ended the French and Indian war in America |
| Middle Passage | The voyage of slave ships from Africa to America, About half of the slaves died |
| Inflation | Rise in prices due to an increase in the amount of money available |
| Colombus Exchange | The exchange of people, animals, plants, technology, and disease between Europe and Americas |
| Capitalism | The investment of money to make a profit |
| Price Revolution | The rise of prices in Europe during the global age |
| Entrepreneurs | Enterprising merchants who provided money that financed trade |
| Mercantillism | Policy by which a nation sought to export more than it imports in order to build up its supply of gold and silver |
| Hernan cortes | Spanish conquistador who conquered the aztecs |
| Malinche | Indian woman who served as cortes interpreter |
| Montezuma | Aztec emperor who was defeated by cortes |
| Quentzalcoatl | The aztec god king who long ago vowed to return from the east |
| Francisco Pizarro | Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incas in Peru |
| Atahaulpa | The incan ruler in Peru |
| Bartolome de las Casas | Catholic priest who spoke out against the treatment of the natives |
| Samuel Champlain | Built the first French settlement in Quebec |
| Joint Stock Companies | Private trading companies in which shares are sold to investors to finance business ventures |