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Energy Forms
heating and cooling
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Kinetic Theory | an explanation of how the particles in matter behave |
| Matter | any substance that has mass and occupies space |
| Thermal Energy | the total energy of a materials particles resulting from forces that act within or between particles |
| Particle Theory | Motion is so slow there is no energy left |
| Vaporization | the particles in a liquid aquire enough kinetic energy to escape the alternate forces |
| Evaporation | occurs at the surface of a liquid(can occur below the boiling point) |
| Boiling | pressure of vapor in the liquid is equal to the external pressure acting on the surface of the liquid |
| Atmospheric Pressure | molecules push against anything |
| Heating Curve | shows the temperature and state change of a substance as thermal energy is added |
| Plasma | super heated gas particles move so fast that electrons are stripped off |
| Thermal Expansion | an increase in the size of a substance when the temp. increases |
| Buoyancy | the ability of a fluid to exert upward force on an object immersed in it |
| Archimedes Principle | the buoyancy force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object |
| Pascal's Princple | pressure applied to a fluid is transmitted through it |
| Bernoulli's Principle | as the velocity of a fluid increases the pressure exerted by the fluid decreases |
| Viscosity | the resistance to fluid by fluid |
| Convection | the transfer of thermal energy in a fluid movement from warmer to cooler |
| Conduction | the transfer of thermal energy by collisions between partices |
| Boyles Law | if you decrease the volume of a gas and keep temperature the same the pressure increases |
| Charles Law | volume temperature relationship the volume of a gas increases as the temperature increases(if pressure is constant) |
| Ideal Gas Law | combination of Boyle and Charles Laws P=nRT |
| Atom | the smallest piece of matter that still retains the properties of the element |
| Nucleus | the small positively charged center of the atom |
| Protons | positively charged particles |
| Neutrons | no charge |
| Electrons | negative charge |
| Quarks | protons and neutrons are made of small particles called quarks. Scientists have found 6 quarks |
| Electron Cloud | the area around the nucleus where electrons are most likely to be found |
| Atomic Number | the number of protons in an atom |
| Mass Number | the number of protons and number of neutrons |
| Average Atomic Mass | the weighted average mass of the mixture of its isotopes |
| Isotope | an atom with the same amount of protons and a different # of neutrons #neutrons=Mass number*atomic number |
| Periodic Table | element are arranged by increasing atomic number and by changes in physical and chemical properties |
| Dmitri Mendeleev | ordered elements in ordered by mass and discovered patterns |
| Henry Moseley | changed the order to increasing atomic number => this is todays table |
| Rows of Elements | periods |
| Columns of Elements | groups have similar properties |
| Electron Cloud | electrons have energy levels or shells (electrons farthest from nucleus have most energy) |
| Electron Dot Diagram | uses dots to represent electrons in the outer level |
| General Rule | elements that have 3 or fewer electrons in the outer shell are metals |
| Malleable | metals can be hammered or rolled into sheets |
| Ductile | metals can be drawn into wires |
| Metallic Bonding | outer level electrons are not held closely and more freely in a cloud around the positively charged nuclei |
| Alkali Metals | good conductors, softer, malleable, and VERY reactive |
| Alkaline Earth Metals | have 2 valence electrons |
| Transition Elements | from bright colors |
Created by:
owlbewise13
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