Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Psychology - CH 4
States of Consciousness
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| consciousness | A person's awareness of feelings, sensations, and thoughts at a given moment |
| daydreaming | A form of consciousness involving fantasies, usually spontaneous, that occurs while a person is awake |
| circadian rhythms | Internal biological changes that occur on a daily schedule |
| jet lag | temporary maladjustment that occurs when a change of time zones causes biological rhythms to be out of step with local time |
| polysomnograph | Instrument that amplifies and records signals associated with biological changes taken during a night in a sleep laboratory |
| non-REM (NREM) sleep | Sleep Stages 1, 2, 3, and 4; NREM sleep consists primarily of Stages 3 and 4 (deep sleep) early in the night and Stage 2 later on |
| slow-wave sleep | Deep sleep of NREM Stages 3 and 4, characterized by delta waves |
| rapid eye movement (REM) sleep | Sleep stage characterized by rapid eye movements, dreams, high levels of brain activity, and muscle paralysis |
| REM rebound | An increase in the typical amount of REM sleep following reduction of REM sleep owing to sleep deprivation or the use of certain drugs that reduce REM sleep |
| insomnia | Complaints of difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, frequent awakenings, or poor-quality sleep |
| hypersomnias | Sleep disorders characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness |
| narcolepsy | Sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and attacks of muscle weakness (cataplexy) induced by emotion, as well as hypnagogic hallucinations; the symptoms are due to the intrusion of REM sleep into waking time |
| sleep apnea | Sleep disorder characterized by pauses in breathing during sleep; most prevalent in older, overweight men |
| parasomnias | Sleep disorders, other than insomnia and hypersomnia, that occur more frequently in children and often disappear without treatment |
| sleepwalking | A parasomnia that occurs during Stage 4 sleep, usually in children; most often consists of sitting up in bed |
| enuresis | Bedwetting, a sleep disorder that occurs primarily in children and is considered a disorder of arousal that is likely to improve with maturation of the CNS |
| sleep terror | Partial awakening from Stage 4 sleep characterized by loud screams and extreme physiological arousal |
| nightmare | Frightening dream that usually awakens a sleeper from REM sleep; occurs most often in children ages 3 to 6 |
| sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) | The unexpected death of an apparently healthy infant up to age 1 that is not explained by autopsy, medical case information, or an investigation of the death scene |
| dream | A succession of predominantly visual images experienced during sleep |
| manifest content | According to Freud, the dream as reported by the dreamer |
| latent content | According to Freud, the deeper underlying meaning of a dream, connected by symbols to the manifest content |
| activation-synthesis hypothesis | Explanation of dreams that suggests that they result when the cortex seeks to explain the high level of neuronal activity occurring during REM sleep |
| hypnosis | State of heightened susceptibility to suggestions |
| dissociation | Splitting of conscious awareness that is believed to play a role in hypnotic pain reduction |
| psychoactive substances | Chemicals that affect consciousness, perception, mood, and behavior |
| substance abuse | Pattern of substance use that has detrimental effects on a person's health and safety, as well as on social and occupational roles |
| substance dependence | More serious pattern of substance use than that found in substance abuse; popularly called addiction and often characterized by drug tolerance and withdrawal symptoms when use of the drug is stopped |
| tolerance | Need for increasing dosages of a drug to achieve the same effect as earlier, smaller doses |
| withdrawal | Changes in behavior, cognition and physiology that occur when stopping or reducing the heavy and prolonged use of a psychoactive substance |
| depressants | Drugs such as alcohol and barbiturates that slow the activity of the CNS |
| alcohol | Depressant psychoactive substance, also known as ethanol or ethyl alcohol |
| barbiturates | Depressant drugs that are used to induce sleep but can be deadly when combined with alcohol |
| stimulants | Drugs that increase the activity of the CNS |
| amphetamines | Stimulants that are used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy |
| opiates | A group of naturally occurring or synthetic drugs that have properties similar to those of opium and thus reduce pain |
| hallucinogens | Drugs that can cause changes in thinking, emotion, self-awareness, and perceptions; these changes are often expressed in hallucinations |
| lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) | Powerful hallucinogen derived from ergot, a fungus found on rye and other grains |
| phencyclidine piperidine (PCP) | Powerful hallucinogen that can have unpredictable depressant, stimulant, hallucinogenic, or analgesic effects |
| marijuana | Substance derived from the Cannabis Sativa plant |
Created by:
young_kurt
Popular Psychology sets