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Unit 4 Europe
Vocab for Unit 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Dike | An earthen bank used to direct or prevent the passage of water. |
| Loess | Wind-blown silt and clay sediment that produces very fertile soil. |
| Mistral | A cold, dry wind from the north |
| Ethnic Cleansing | The policy of trying to eliminate an ethnic group |
| Feudalism | A political system in Europe which a king allows nobles to use his land in exchange for military services and protection. 9th-15th century |
| Enlightenment | a European intellectual movement of the late 17th and 18th centuries emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition. |
| Cold War | The conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union after World War 2, Called "cold" because it never escalated into open warfare. |
| Romanticism | a movement in the arts and literature that originated in the late 18th century, emphasizing inspiration, subjectivity, and the primacy of the individual. |
| Heavy Industry | Heavy industry is industry that involves one or more characteristics such as large and heavy products |
| State Farm | farm, or a number of farms organized as a unit, worked by a community under the supervision of the state. |
| Acid Deposition | sulfur and nitrogen compounds and other substances are transformed by chemical processes in the atmosphere |
| Polder | Land that is reclaimed from the sea or other body of water by diking and drainage. |
| Timberline | (on a mountain) the line or altitude above which no trees grow. |
| Sirocco | A hot, steady south wind that blows from N. Africa Across the Mediterranean Sea into southern Europe, mostly in spring. |
| Refugee | a person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster. |
| Crusaders | A series of wars launched by European Christians in 1096 to capture the Holy Land from Muslims |
| Industrial Capitalism | An economic and political system characterized by a free market for goods and services and private control of production and consumption. |
| European Union | Based on the Maastricht Treaty, it envisions the eventual establishment of common economic, foreign, security, and justice policies. |
| Impressionist | an entertainer who impersonates famous people. |
| Light Industry | the manufacture of small or light articles. |
| Organic Farming | form of agriculture that relies on techniques such as crop rotation, green manure, compost, and biological pest control. |
| Environmentalist | a person who is concerned with or advocates the protection of the environment. |
| Glaciation | The changing of landforms by slowly moving glaciers. |
| Foehn | a hot southerly wind on the northern slopes of the Alps. |
| Chapparral | vegetation consisting chiefly of tangled shrubs and thorny bushes. |
| City-state | an autonomous political unit made up of a city and its surrounding lands. |
| Renaissance | A time of renewed interest in learning and the arts that lasted from 14th-16th century. |
| Reparations | the making of amends for a wrong one has done, by paying money to or otherwise helping those who have been wronged. |
| Language Family | group of languages related through descent from a common ancestor |
| Welfare State | a system whereby the government undertakes to protect the health and well-being of its citizens |
| Mixed Farming | an agricultural system in which a farmer conducts different agricultural practice together |
| Dry Farming | a method of farming in semiarid areas without the aid of irrigation, using drought-resistant crops and conserving moisture. |
| Biologist | a scientist who focuses on living organisms, including plants and animals. |
| Fjord | A long, narrow, deep inlet of the sea between steep slopes |
| Avalanche | a mass of snow, ice, and rocks falling rapidly down a mountainside. |
| Permafrost | permanently frozen ground |
| Middle Ages | the period of European history from the fall of the Roman Empire in the West |
| Reformation | A movement in Western Europe beginning in 1517, when many christians broke away from the Catholic Church and stated protestant churches. |
| Holocaust | The NAZI program of mass murder of european JewS during World War II |
| Good Friday Peace Agreement | a major political development in the Northern Ireland peace process of the 1990s. |
| Maastricht Treaty | A treaty that is responsible for the creation of the European Union |
| Farm Cooperative | a cooperative where farmers pool their resources in certain areas of activity. |
| Meltwater | water formed by the melting of snow and ice, especially from a glacier. |
| Genetically Modified Food | organisms n which the genetic material has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally by mating and/or natural recombination. |
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