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U7 Mot, Emot, Stress
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Motivation | need or desire that energizes and directs behavior |
| Instinct | complex behavior throughout a species and is unlearned |
| Drive-Reduction Theory | physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need. |
| Homeostasis | balanced or constant internal state |
| Incentive | positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior |
| Arousal Theory | each individual has an optimal level of arousal (alertness, paying attention) that varies from one situation to the next |
| Hierarchy of Needs | Maslow's pyramid of human needs (bottom: physiological, safety, belonging and love, esteem, top: self-actualization) |
| Intrinsic Motivation | Do things for yourself because you want to |
| Extrinsic Motivation | Do things for the promise of reward or avoiding punishment |
| Glucose | sugar that circulates in the blood; major source of energy for body; Low = Hunger |
| Set Point | individual's "weight thermostat", where your weight usually is |
| Basal metabolic rate | body's resting rate of energy expenditure |
| Anorexia Nervosa | normal-weight person diets and becomes significantly underweight, and yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve. |
| Bulimia nervosa | episodes of overeating followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise. |
| Sexual response cycle | four stages described by Masters and Johnson; excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution. |
| Refractory period | resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm; ONLY MEN |
| Sexual disorder | problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning |
| Estrogren | sex hormone, greater amounts in females, |
| Sexual Orientation | enduring sexual attraction towards others; homo=same sex, hetero=opposite sex; bi=either sex; a=neither sex |
| Flow | completely involved, focused state of consciousness |
| Industrial-Organizational Psychology | application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplace |
| Achievement Motivation | desire for mastery of things, people, or ideas |
| Task Leadership | Goal-orientated leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals. |
| Social Leadership | Group-orientated leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflicts, and others support. |
| Theory X (managers) | Assumes that workers are basically lazy, error-prone,and extrinsically motivated by money and, thus, should be directed from above. |
| Theory Y (managers) | Assumes that, given challenge and freedom, workers are motivated to achieve self-esteem and to demonstrate their competence and creativity. |
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