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PS Chapter 4 Vocab
energy and work
Term | Definition |
---|---|
force | a push or pull exerted on an object |
work | Force applied through a distance |
machine | a device that changes the force or increases the motion from work. |
simple machine | a machine that does work with only one movement of the machine |
compound machine | a combination of two or more simple machines |
efficiency | the ratio of the output work to input work measured in percent |
mechanical advantage | the ratio of output force to input force. |
energy | the ability to do work |
system | anything around which you can create a boundary or imagine a boundary |
kinetic energy | energy due to motion (1/2 mass x velocity squared) |
potential energy | stored energy due to interactions between objects |
elastic potential energy | energy that is stored by compressing or stretching an object |
chemical potential energy | energy that is stored in chemical bonds |
gravitational potential energy | energy that is due to the gravitational forces between objects (mgh) |
friction | a force that opposes the sliding motion of two surfaces that are touching |
law of conservation of energy | energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another |
mechanical energy | the sum of kinetic and potential energies of the objects in a system. |
power | the rate at which energy is converted (energy per time). Measured in watts. |