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PS Chapter 4 Vocab
energy and work
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| force | a push or pull exerted on an object |
| work | Force applied through a distance |
| machine | a device that changes the force or increases the motion from work. |
| simple machine | a machine that does work with only one movement of the machine |
| compound machine | a combination of two or more simple machines |
| efficiency | the ratio of the output work to input work measured in percent |
| mechanical advantage | the ratio of output force to input force. |
| energy | the ability to do work |
| system | anything around which you can create a boundary or imagine a boundary |
| kinetic energy | energy due to motion (1/2 mass x velocity squared) |
| potential energy | stored energy due to interactions between objects |
| elastic potential energy | energy that is stored by compressing or stretching an object |
| chemical potential energy | energy that is stored in chemical bonds |
| gravitational potential energy | energy that is due to the gravitational forces between objects (mgh) |
| friction | a force that opposes the sliding motion of two surfaces that are touching |
| law of conservation of energy | energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another |
| mechanical energy | the sum of kinetic and potential energies of the objects in a system. |
| power | the rate at which energy is converted (energy per time). Measured in watts. |
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