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Chap 3
Biological Foundations of BX
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nervous System | refers to body's electrochemical communication system |
| Neuron/Nerve Cell | basic unit of nervous system |
| Neuroscience | mult-disciplinary study of the nervous system(biology and etc) |
| Nervous system characteristics; complexity | brain composed of billion of nerve cells |
| Integation | brain coordinates & integrates information from many sources |
| Adaptability | brain is capable of change |
| Electrochemical Transmission | brain uses electrical & chemical communication |
| Pathways in the Nervous System/ Afferent Nerves | recieve incomeing/senory information from the body(approach brain)(enter) |
| Efferent Nerves | send motor commands from brain to muscles and body(exit the brain) |
| Neural Networks | integrate sensory input & motor output |
| Central Nervous System | brain & spinal cord (central) |
| Peripheral Nervous System (side) | PNS carries messages to & from CNS & the organs, glands, & skeletal muscles |
| Somatic Nervous System | carries senory information to the CNS & motor information from the CNS to skeletal muscles |
| Autonomic Nervous System | carries info to & from CNS to body's organs & glands |
| Sympathetic | nervous system(arousing)(sensative) |
| Parasympathetic | calms the body |
| Neuron | basic unit to the nervous system that serves to process info |
| Glial Cells | provides support & nutritional benefit(feeds cells) |
| Parts of a basic cell;soma/cell body | contains nucleus |
| Dendrite | recieves info & channels it toward cell body |
| Axon | carries electrical info away from cell to other cells |
| Myelin Sheath | insulation that helps message travel faster; implicated in Multipe Sclerosis |
| Communitcation in the Cell; Resting Potential | is the difference in voltage between the inside & outside of axon membrane; NA+ions are in high concentration outside of cell wall, while K+ions are in high concentration inside the cell |
| Resting Potential part B | at rest, some K+ions can leave the cell causing the exterior of the nerve cell membrane to be slightly positive relative to the inside of the axon |
| Action Potiential | NA+gates at base of neuron open; NA+ rushes into neuron, temporarily altering charges present at membrane; the charge on K+ion cause next gate to open; gates open & close sequentially down the length of the axon |
| Action Potiential part B | when the gate closes, K+ions flow out of the neuron to re-establish resting potiential |
| All or None Principle | when electical impulse is released, it travels down the axon at the same speed(resulting in neurotransmisson) |
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vale7563
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