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Geography midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is geography? and what does it mean? | It means writing about the earth. Geography Studies natural or human phenomena through space scale and time. |
| what are absolute location? | Absolute location is identification of a location by precise system or cordinates. Mathematical location. |
| what are absolute directions? | uses cardinal direction of N-S-E-W |
| what are absolute distances? | refers to the spatial separation between 2 points on the earths surface measured by a standard unit like miles. |
| What is toblers first law of Geography? | in a spatial sense Everything is related to everything else but relationships are stronger when things are near one another |
| What are 4 interrelations between places? | spatial distribution, accessibility ,connectivity and diffusion |
| What is the definition of regions? | An area that is distinguished from other areas by some characteristics. It helps geographer generalize and simplify. |
| what is a formal region? | Areas of essential uniformity reguarding a single physical or cultural feature or a limited combination of physical and cultural features. The attribute holds true for entire region. |
| what is a functional region? | Areas are visualized as a spatial system.Every region is objectively defined. |
| what are the five fundamental themes of geography? | location, description, human interaction, movement, regions. |
| diffrence between spacial data and non spacial data? | spatial data about location, shape and relationship among geographical features and can be linked to a map. Non spatial is independent of all geographic consideration. |
| What is a map? | 2 dimensional flat representation of the world |
| What is cartography? | art and science of making maps |
| Know some properties of maps. | scale, flat surface, selection of geographical phenomena. |
| What is map scale? | ratio between the measurement of something on a map and the corresponding measurement on earth. |
| What are general-reference maps? | class room map. focuses on displaying one or more natural and or cultural features of an area or the world as a whole. |
| Know topographic map. | a general reference map that depicts the shape and elevation of the terrain. Usually portray the surface features with great accuracy. |
| What are contour line (isoline) and contour interval? | shows elevation values. | shows differences between elevation values |
| What are latitude? | angular distance north or south of the equator. 0-90 degrees. |
| longitude is ? | also called the meridian, angular distance east or west of the prime meridian measured in degrees ranging from 0 degrees to 180 degrees. |
| prime meridian is? | imaginary lines passing through the royal observatory at Greenwich england. 0 degree longitude. |
| International Date Line? | the 180th meridian. |
| Know the properties of latitude and longitude? | 0-90 degrees. equator to pole. | 0-180 degrees. |
| map projection? | Designates the way the curved surface of a globe is represented on a flat map. |
| remote sensing? | Detecting the nature of an object without direct contact with the ground. arial photography and satellite imaging. |
| gis? | geographic information systems. , computer based set of procedure for assembling , storing, manipulating and displaying geographical referenced information. |
| gps? | global positioning system. records the position of a number of the satellites simutaniously, then its latitude, longitude, altitude and the time to make precise measurement of a specific location. |
| Know the four spheres of the earth. | atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, lithosphere. |
| what is troposphere? | lowest layer of the atmosphere.contains air clouds precipitation of the earth. |
| What is the difference between weather and climate? | weather is the moments view of the lower atmosphere. climate is long term daily weather in an area. |
| What are the four elements of weather and climate? | temperature, pressure, wind, moisture |
| What factors determine air temperature? | the amount of water vapor in the air, cloud cover, nature of the surface of the earth, elevation,degree and direction of air movement. |
| What is lapse rate? | rate of temperature change with altitude in the troposphere. |
| What is air pressure? | total mass of the atmosphere pressing down on the surface of the earth |
| What is the reason of winds? | result of pressure diffrences |
| What is convection? | the circular motion of descending cool air and ascending warm air. |
| What is precipitation? | any form of water particles-- rain, sleet, snow,or hail that fall from the atmosphere and reach the earths surface. |
| Know the three types of precipitation. | conventional, orographic, frontal |
| Know climagraph. | dual purpose graphical depiction of the monthly precipitation and temperature conditions for the selected place. |
| What is storm? | any disturbed state of the atmosphere specially effecting the earths surface and strongly implying severe weather. |
| What is storm surge? | offshore rise of water associated with a low pressure weather system, typically a tropical cyclone or hurricane caused by high winds pushing on the oceans surface |
| What is tropical cyclone | begins in a low pressure zone over warm waters, usually in the northern hemisphere |
| Know hurricane? | severe tropical cyclone with winds exceeding 119 kilometers per hour |
| typhoon? | In a developing hurricane , the warm moist air at the surface rises which helps suck up air from the surface. this warms the center of the storm. name given in the western pacific. |
| hurricane track? | is the path a hurricane follows that consists of locations of individual hurricane or tropical storms. |
| hurricane eye? | calm clear central core |
| hurricane classification? | represents hurricane intensity, and gives an estimate of the potential property |
| How does a hurricane die out? | when hurricanes move over cooler northern waters as while racing toward the US northeast they lose strength as the fuel (warm water) suppy cools and dies out due to a lack of moisture and warm water. |
| Which two potential flood waters are bordering New Orleans? | |
| What are the two types of levees in New Orleans? | |
| Know hydrological cycle. | the system by which it continuously circulates through the biosphere. this cycle includes three components, evaporation, transpiration, and precipitation. |
| Know Water Stress Indicator and how to interpret this indicator. | |
| What are the two sources of water pollution? | point and non point |
| What are the four major contributors to water pollution? | agriculture, industry, mining, and municipalities |
| Know the major contributors of air pollution. | burning fossil fuels(coal gas and oil), incineration of solid wastes, forests and agricultural fires and the evaporation of solvents |
| Know the three types of air pollution. | Acid rain: created by burning fossil fuel, has terrestrial aquatic and material effects. |
| Know greenhouse effect and global warming? | natural effect- produced by carbon dioxide water vapor, ozone methane that causes thicker layer which enhances greenhouse effect. |
| Know the main greenhouse gases that occur in nature? | carbon dioxide, water vapor, ozone methane |
| What are the three types of human impact on landforms? | excavation, dumping, surface depressions |
| What is surface depression? | extraction from the ground can lead to sinking portions of land surfaces. when fluids are removed sediments compacts. |
| What are endangered, vulnerable, and threatened species? | represent low numbers and are in jeopardy| decreasing populations and are likely to become endangered| include endangered and vounerable species. |
| What are the two types of habitat disruption? | main cause of extintion, agricultural, extractive, and modifying |
| What is biological magnification (biomagnification)? | |
| Know the difference between bioaccumulation and biomagnification. | |
| Know Three Gorges Dam (location, related river, objectives/benefits, social and environment impacts) | |
| Know the examples that show environmental impact of mining in the rainforest. | |
| relative location? | Position of a place in relation to another place. |
| relative directions? | uses relation between 2 or more things such as left right up down forward and backward. |
| Relative distances? | transforms linear measurements into more meaningful measurements such as time. |
| thematic maps? | statistical map. shows specific distribution or category of data. They focus on |
Created by:
karinaxn
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