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Psychology Test 1
Research Methods, Neuroscience, Sensation and Perception
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define psychology. | the science of mental life |
| What are psychology’s big debates? | Irrationality vs Rationality, Change vs. Stability, and Nature vs. Nurture |
| Name and describe psychology’s three main levels of analysis. | idk |
| Be familiar with the three levels of analysis main perspectives and their focus. | idk |
| What are the goals of psychology? | To better understand the brain. |
| What is the scientific method and why do we use it? | A set of rules for doing research. |
| How do we select participants and why? | Randomly, to get average of population. |
| What are the three major research designs? | Correlation, Observational, Experimental |
| What is standard deviation? | Measure of how much the data varies. Low - close High - spread out |
| What three things should you consider when examining research in order to make inferences? | Test Group Outside Effects Setup of experiment ** Not Sure ** |
| What determines if a neuron fires? | Axon must (fire) transmit an electrical impulse. (All-or-none) |
| What is a synapse and what occurs in it? | Communication between neurons. |
| What are neurotransmitters and what do they do? How do they work? | They go into receptors. To communicate between the neurons. |
| What are the different subsystems of the nervous system? | Somatic and autonomic |
| What is the main job of the somatic and autonomic nervous systems? | Somatic – voluntary Autonomic - involuntary |
| How do reflexes work? | Reaction to stimulus – uses spinal cord not brain |
| What is the endocrine system and how does it work? | Parts of the body that release hormones. |
| Be able to name, identify and describe the main purpose of the parts of the “old brain”. | Generate emotions like fear and aggression. |
| Be able to name and describe the main purpose of the parts of the limbic system. | Emotion, behavior, smell, and long-term memory |
| What functions of the cortex do we know and where are they? | memory, attention, perceptual awareness, thought, language, and consciousness |
| What are association areas? | Abstract thinking and language |
| Where is language and what happens when part is damaged? | Brocas area - cannot generate speech well Wernicke's area - cannot comprehend speech |
| How are the two halves of the brain connected? | Corpus Callosum |
| What are mirror neurons and what do they help us do? | A neuron that fires when others do an act. Learn new skills by watching others. |
| What are sensation and perception? What are the key features? | Sensations (stimulus) cause perceptions |
| How does sensation work and what are the limits that we study (thresholds and Weber’s Law)? | There needs to be a proportional change in stimulus for us to notice it. |
| What is signal detection theory and what are the four things that it depends on? | Expectations, Physical State, and Experience change what we perceive |
| What are rods and cones? What are the key features of each? | Rods – see in the dark Cones – see colors |
| What happens in light and dark adaption? | Iris resizes pupil to let in more or less light. |
| What is the path of information from outside the eyes to the visual cortex? | Back and opposite |
| What is Trichromatic theory? | cones see three colors and fire in proportion |
| What is Opponent processing theory? | One thing experienced the opposite is repressed. |
| Name and describe the two theories of audition? | Frequency theory and Select Vibration theory |
| How do we localize sound? | If one ear hears something louder than the other we can distinguish it. |
| What skin senses are involved in touch? What influences pain? | Touch, Temperature, proprioception (body position), and nociception (pain). |
| What flavors do we taste? What functions does taste have? How does it work? | Bitter, Salty, Sour, Sweet, Umami, (Fatty) |
| Why should we understand/study perceptual illusions? | Learn how to avoid the body from tricking us. |
| What are Gestalt laws of organization? What are the main beliefs of Gestalt psychologists? What are the main principles (figure ground…)? | We initially see even symmetrical shapes. |
| What is depth perception? When is it developed? What cues do we use to perceive depth? | Monocular cues Size, distance, and angle Binocular cues Stereopsis – dual eye angle basis |
| How does culture effect perception and context? | Africans can't see depth on a 2d plane and see familiar figures. |
Created by:
nicmoon
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