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stages of rbc might not surprise you to see a few in circulating blood
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normal range for hemoglobin
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a&p final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| stages of rbc might not surprise you to see a few in circulating blood | reticulocyte |
| normal range for hemoglobin | 12-16 |
| protein pigment after it has left the spleen during old rbc breakdown | bilirubin |
| which organ releases erythropoietin | kidney |
| which organ stimulated by erythropoietin to form additional rbc | red bone marrow |
| an increase in eosinophil count seen in a differential may include | allergic reaction |
| anemia | lack of blood and/or its components |
| primary anemia | due to lack of production or over-destruction of whole blood and/or its components |
| secondary anemia | due to causes unrelated to lack of production or over destruction (hemorrhage)` |
| iron deficiency anemia (hypochromic anemia) | causes: inadequate dietary intake of iron/mal-absorption Food sources: liver, spinach, raisins, beets Signs & sx reduction in Hgb and therefore o2 carrying ability fatigue, vertigo, pallor, tinnitus treatment: iron replacement therapy feosol, imferon |
| pernicious anemia | megaloblastic anemia due to the Vitamin B12 deficiency caused by lack of intrinsic factor in gastric juice which is necessary to utilize B12. Causes: usual idiopathic sings & sx: due to anemia Tx lifetime treatment of B12 injections |
| aplastic anemia-not forming cells | a condition of bone marrow failure which results in markedly reduced production of all cells. (pancytopenia) all cell deficiency Causes: congenital, idiopathic, radiation chemical Signs and sx: purpura, pyrexia Tx: blood transfusion,bone marrow transplant |
| erythroblastosis fetalis | incompatibility of fetal & newborn blood resulting in maternal antibody activity against fetal RBC's (rh- mom rh+ fetus) Causes:rh incapability signs & sx: jaundice of nb within 24 hr Tx: determined by degree of maternal sensitization, effects antibodies |
| palliative | treating symptoms only |
| sickle cell anemia | results from a defective Hgb molecule (S) anoxia causes the rbc 2 roughen & become sickle shaped decreasing their ability to carry o2. tx: prevent from occurring signs sx: sporadic-precipitating factors of crisis. |
| thalassemia (cooley Anemia) vera- seldom live to be adults | hereditary group of hemolytic anemias characterized by defective synthesis of Hgb and Rbc synthesis is impaired also. Causes: hereditary most common in greeks n Italians signs & SX: severe anemia, bone deformities failure to thrive mild anemia Tx of sympt |
| leukemias-form of cancer | disorder of the blood forming organs(spleen, marrow,lymph) |
| acute leukemias | widespread accumulation of immune, non-functioning wbc spill into blood, infiltrate tissues. decreased production of blood n increased susceptibility to infections tx: chemo |
| chronic leukemias | gradual onset usually older 50-70 prognosis better than acute. wbc able to phagocytose somewhat |
| hemophilia- two types a&b | hereditary bleeding disorder from deficiency of clotting factors a&B (A)80% of cases factor VIII (B)15% of cases factor IX. TX: no cure however if trauma quickly stop local bleedin |
| hemophilia sx | easily bruised prolonged bleeding from mucous membrane. im hematomas from minor trauma hemorrhage into knees, elbows, ankles |
| thrombocytopenia purpura | hemorrhages into the skin accompanies by reduction of the # of circulating platelets. Causes: decreased formation of platelets from chemical agents or infections or other blood disorders TX: steroids to promote capillary integrity,transfusion, splenectomy |
| thrombocytopenia purpura signs & sx | petechaie, mucousal bleeding, ecchymosis(bruising) |
| vonwillebrands disease | hereditary bleedind disorder characterized by prolonged bleeding time, moderate deficiency of factor VIII & platelets Causes: unknown Tx: shorten bleeding time by replacement of factor VIII |
| vonwillebrands disease signs & sx | bleeding from skin and mucosa increased uterine bleeding in females |
| polycythemia | excessive rbc 7,000,000-11,000,000 hct 70-80% causes hyperactivity of bone marrow, tumor TX: phlebotomy Signs & sx: increased blood volume increased bp blood flow reduced due to increased viscosity & tendency to clot. skin maybe purplish |
| hemochromatosis | rare disorder characterized by iron overload in liver cells leading to cirrhosis, diabetes Sign & SX increased skin pigment (bronze) tx: removal of iron(phlebotomy) early detection prevents cirrhosis |
| mononucleosis | infectious disease caused by Epstein-barr virus, spread by oral-pharyngeal route 80% carry virus in throat signs & sx fever sore throat ha malaise fatigue increased lymphs and monos tx: supportive bedrest |
| acute blood loss anemia | persistent hemorrhage due to trauma or post surgical hemorrhage, coagulation defects, neoplasms or ulcers tx: control blood loss, transfusion Signs & sx: associated with hypoxia & hypovolemia |
| anemia secondary to chronic disease | certain chronic diseases depress bone marrow function Causes: renal failure, viral hepatitis, cancer Tx: control blood loss transfusion |
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t4achange
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