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psy100-Memory
Psy 100 - OSU - Memory
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| memory | retention of information over time |
| suggestive memory techniques | procedures that encourage patients to recall memories that may or may not have taken place |
| memory illusion | false but subjectively compelling memory |
| span | how much information a memory system can contain |
| duration | legnth of time for which a memory system can retain information |
| sensory memory | breif storage of perceptual information before it is passed to short term memory |
| iconic memory | visual sensory memory |
| echoic memory | auditory sensory memory |
| short-term memory | memory system that retains information for limited durations |
| decay | fading of information from memory |
| interference | loss of information from memory because of competition from additional incoming information |
| retroactive inhibition | interference with retention of old information due to acquisition of new information |
| proactive inhibition | interference with acquisition of new information due to previous learning of information |
| Magic Number | the span of short-term memory, according to George Miller: seven plus or minus two pieces of information |
| chunking | organizing information into meaningful groupings, allowing us to extend the span of short-term memory |
| rehersal | repeating information to extend the duration of retention in short term memory |
| maintenance rehersal | repeating stimuli in their original form to retain them in short term memory |
| elaborative rehersal | linking stimuli to each other in a meaningful way to improve retention of information in short-term memory |
| levels of processing | depth of transforming information, which influences how easily we remember it |
| long-term memory | sustained (from minutes to years) retention of information stored regarding our facts, experiences, and skills |
| permastore | type of long term memory that appears to be permanent |
| primacy effect | tendency to remember words at the beginning of a list especially well |
| recency effect | tendency to remember at the end of a list especially well |
| von Restorff effect | tendency to remember distinctive stimuli better than less distinctive stimuli |
| serial position curve | graph depicting the effect of both primacy and recency on people's ability to recall items on a list |
| semantic memory | our knowledge of facts about the world |
| episodic memory | recollection of events in our lives |
| explicit memory | memories we recall intentionally and of which we have conscious awareness |
| implicit memory | memories we don't deliberately remember or reflect on consciously |
| procedural memory | memory for how to do things, including motor skills and habits |
| priming | our ability to identify a stimulus more easily after we've encountered similar stimuli |
| encoding | process of getting information into our memory banks |
| mnemonic | a learning aid, strategy, or device that enhances recall |
| storage | process of keeping information in memory |
| schema | organized knowledge structure or mental model that we've stored in memory |
| retrieval | reactivation or reconstruction of experiences from our memory stores |
| retrieval clues | hints that make it easier for us to recall information |
| recall | generating previously remembered information from an array of options |
| relearning | reacquiring knowledge that we'd previously learned but largely forgotten over time |
| distributed versus massed practice | studying information in small increments over time (distributed) versus in large incriments over a breif period of time (massed) |
| tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) phenomenon | experience of knowing that we know something but being unable to access it |
| encoding specificity | phenomenon of remembering something better when the conditions under which we retrieve information are similar to the conditions under which we encoded it |
| context-dependent learning | superior retrieval of memories when the external context of the original memories matches the retrieval context |
| state-dependent learning | superior retrieval of memories when the organism is in the same psyological or psychological state as during encoding |
| long-term potentiation (LTP) | gradual stregnthening of the connections among neurons from repetetive stimulation |
| retrograde amnesia | loss of memories from our past |
| anterograde amnesia | inability to encode new memories from our experiences |
| flashbulb memories | emotional memories that are extraordinarily vivid and detailed |
| source monitoring | ability to identify the origins of a memory |
| cryptomnesia | failure to recognise that our ideas originated with someone else |
| misinformation effect | creation of ficticious memories by providing misleading information about an event after it takes place |
Created by:
neill89
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