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Enlightenment
Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Natural Law | a principle or body of laws considered as derived from nature, right reason, or religion and as ethically binding in human society |
| Adam Smith | Scottish economist and philosopher, whose influential book The Wealth of Nations (1776) advocated free trade and private enterprise and opposed state interference |
| Natural Right | any right that exists by virtue of natural law |
| Social Contract | the voluntary agreement among individuals by which, according to any of various theories, organized society is brought into being and invested with the right to secure mutual protection and welfare or to regulate the relations among its members. |
| Thomas Hobbes | English political philosopher. His greatest work is the Leviathan (1651), which contains his defence of absolute sovereignty |
| John Locke | English philosopher, in his Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690). He influenced political thought, esp in France and America, with his Two Treatises on Government (1690), in which he sanctioned the right to revolt |
| Philosophe | any of the popular French intellectuals or social philosophers of the 18th century, as Diderot, Rousseau, or Voltaire. |
| Rousseau | 712–78, French philosopher and writer, born in Switzerland, who strongly influenced the theories of the French Revolution and the romantics. Many of his ideas spring from his belief in the natural goodness of man, whom he felt was warped by society. |
| Diderot | Denis (dəni). 1713–84, French philosopher, noted particularly for his direction (1745–72) of the great French Encyclopédie |
| Enlightenment | a philosophical movement of the 18th century, characterized by belief in the power of human reason and by innovations in political, religious, and educational doctrine. |
| Voltaire | François Marie Arouet. 1694–1778, French writer, whose outspoken belief in religious, political, and social liberty made him the embodiment of the 18th-century Enlightenment |
| Montesquieu | 1689–1755, French political philosophe whoes.comparative analysis of various forms of government, which had a profound influence on political thought in Europe and the US |
| Laissez-Faire | he theory or system of government that upholds the autonomous character of the economic order, believing that government should intervene as little as possible in the direction of economic affairs. |
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nimitz71
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