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Respiratory system
chapter 15
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what respiratory system provide? | provide the cells in the body. |
| What does it means to obtain with? | with the means to obtain oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide |
| What is external nares? | (nostrils): air enter the respiratory system |
| What is vestibule? | is anterior portion of the nasal cavity, nose hair are located here |
| What form hard palate? | by the maxillary and palatine bones, and form the floor of the nasal cavity and separates the nasal and oral cavity. |
| Where soft palate extend? | extend behind the hard palate and lies under the nasopharynx. |
| air flow from where? | from the vestibule to the internal nares through the conchae, allowing extra time for warming and humidifying the air. |
| where internal nares open? | opening to the nasopharynx. |
| what is pharynx or other name for it? | also called throat is a chamber shared by the digestive and respiratory tract. |
| Pharynx extend from where? | extend from the internal nares to the entrancce of the larynx / esophagus. |
| What are the 3 divisions of pharynx | nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx. |
| where nasopharynx extend | extend from the internal nares to the posterior edge of the soft palate. |
| what does nasopharynx contains | contains entrances to the auditory tubes and contains the pahryngeal tonsil. |
| where oropharynx extend? | extend from the soft palate to the level of the hyoid bone. The palatine tonsils lie in the lateral walls of the oropharynx. |
| what lies in the lateral walls of the oropharynx? | the palantine tonsils lie in the wall of the oropharynx. |
| where laryngopharynx extends? | extends from the hyoid bone to the level of the esophagus. |
| Larynx contains | contain epiglottis and glottis |
| What is epiglottis? | (made of cartilage) fold over the glottis.It preventing food from entering the trachea |
| What is glottis? | air passes trough this narrow opening after leaving the laryngopharynx; surrounded by the larynx. |
| what forms thyroid cartilage | forms the anterior and lateral surfaces of the larynx, a prominent ridge on the anterior surface form the Adams's Apple. |
| what form the Adam's Apple? | A prominent ridge on the anterior surface forms the Adam's Apple. |
| What is cricoid cartilage | provides posterior support to the larynx. |
| What is the level of trachea also known as? | (windpipe) level of C-6 to T-5, walls are separated by 15-20 tracheal cartilages. |
| What is aspiration? | is foreign object becomes lodged in the larynx |
| What is heimlich maneuver | compression to the abdomen just below the diaphragm to expel contents from the respiratory tract |
| What is intubation | is insertion of a tube into the pharynx and glottis to allow airflow |
| What is tracheostomy? | is incision made in anterior wall to insert tube, the tube passes the larynx and permits airflow directly into the trachea. |
| the trachea branches in the ___________, to form the___________________________________. | the trachea branches in the mediastinum to form the right and left primary bronchi |
| The right primary brochi____________________. | the right primary bronchi is larger in diameter and descend at a stepper angle; a foreign object would most likely enter the right bronchi. |
| as the primary bronchi enter | each lung, they branch off into secondary bronchi, which enter each lobe of the lung. |
| what secondary bronchi divide to: | secondary bronchi divide to form 9-10 tertiary bronchi, which divide repeatedly |
| bronchioles | when the cartilage disappears completely, they become bronchioles. |
| Bronchioles branch | bronchioles branches further into terminal bronchioles |
| terminal bronchi divide | terminal bronchial divides into several respiratory bronchioles. |
| Alveolar ducts is | respiratory bronchioles open into a passageway called a alveolar duct |
| duct open to | the duct open to an alveolar sac which contains many single alveoli |
| Alveoli is | the gas exchange surface of the lung. |
| what is pulmonary embolism | the blockage of a branch of a pulmonary artery caused by a drifting blood clot, stopping blood flow to a group of lobules or alveoli |
| the right lung has how many lobes? | The right lung has three lobes: superior, middle and inferior |
| The left lung has how many lobes? | the left lung has 2 lobes: superior and inferior |
| each lobe has divide by what? | each lobe is divided by fissures |
| Apex | rounded superior portion of each lung |
| Base | concave inferior portion of each lung which rest on the diaphragm |
| pleural cavities separated by: | pleural cavities are separated by the mediastinum |
| Each lung occupies what | each lung occupies and single pleural cavity lined by a serous membrane called the pleura |
| Both pleural layers_________ | both pleural layers visceral and parietal secrete pleural fluid |
| Thoracentesis is | is removal of pleural fluid with a long needle for diagnostic purposes |
| pneumothorax is | air in the pleural cavity caused by an injury |
| Atelectasis is | collapsed lung due to a pneumothorax |
| Hemothorax is | is blood in the pleural cavity (space) |
| Pulmonary ventilation is | is physical movement of air in and out of the respiratory system |
| Respiratory cycle is | is an inhalation and exhalation |
| Respiratory rate is | is number of breath per minute |
| Cystic fibrosis | inherited disease of mucus glands; thick mucus causing blockakes |
| Croup | is viral infection that causes swelling at the subglottic portion of the trachea; causes a "barking" cough. |
| Pneumonia | is inflammation of the lung |
| Tuberculosis | is airbone disease caused by the bacteria mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)is chronic obstructed airways |
| bronchitis | is inflammation of the brochi |
| Emphysema | destructive changes in brochioles that cause a dramatic increase in the volume of air in the lungs, not able to fully exhale |
| Asthma | is narrowing of airways(inflammation) because of an increase responsiveness of the bronchial tree due to various stimuli. |
| Pleural effusion | is fluid in the pleural cavity |
| Empyema | is pus in the pleural space |
| Hemothorax | is blood in the pleural space |
| Apnea | cessation of breathing |
| Dyspnea | difficulty breathing |
| Epistaxis | nose bleed. |
Created by:
flhp2006
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