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Module 46 + 47
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Personality | An individual's characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors (persisting over time and across behaviors); develops from efforts of ego, to resolve tension btw id and superego. |
| free association (unconscious Psychoanalysis techniques) | Freud encouraged the patient to speak whatever comes to mind, and therapist verbally traces flow of thoughts into the past and unconscious |
| Id | (biological drives) Unconscious psychic energy that constantly strives to satisfy basic drives to survive, reproduce and aggress. Operates on pleasure principle: seeks immediate gradification. |
| Ego | (mostly conscious; rational self) operates on reality principle, seeking to gratify the id's impulses in realistic ways that will bring long-term pleasure. |
| Superego | (society's rules and constraints) voice of moral compass (conscious) that forces ego to consider the real and ideal. Focuses on how we ought to behave. Strives for perfection, produces pride and guilt (morality principle). |
| Unconscious | A reservoir of thoughts, wishes, feelings, memories, that are hidden from awareness because they feel unacceptable. |
| Regression | retreating to a more infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated (thumb sucking) |
| Reaction formation | switching unacceptable impulses in their opposites (feeling angry, displaying friendliness); doing the opposite of what you are feeling |
| Projection | Disguising one's own threatening impulses by attributing them to others (The thief thinks everyone else is a thief) |
| Rationalization | offering self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening unconscious reasons for one's actions (drunk drinks to be sociable) |
| Displacement | shifting sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person (girl kicks dog after being sent to her room) |
| Denial | refusing to believe or even perceive painful realities (partner denies evidence of loved one's affair) |
| collective unconscious | images from our species' experiences |
| self-actualization | fulfilling one's potential |
| Genuineness | being honest, direct, not using a facade |
| Acceptance (Unconditional Positive Regard) | acknowledging feelings, even problems, w/o passing judgement; honoring, not devaluing |
| Empathy | tuning into the feeling of others, showing your efforts to understand, listening well (people don't want to be pitied) |
| self-concept | our sense of nature and our sense of identity |
| Personnel Psychology | encouraging the work that people do, so that they work not for themselves (salary), but for the good of the company |
| Trait | an enduring quality that makes a person tend to act a certain way. |
| Trait theory of personality | we are made up of a collection of traits, behavioral predispositions that can be identified and measured, traits that differ from person to person. |
| Conscientiousness | self-discipline, careful pursuit of delayed goals |
| Agreeableness | helpful, trusting, friendliness |
| Neuroticism | anxiety, insecurity, emotional instability |
| Openness | flexibility, nonconformity, variety |
| Extraversion | drawing energy from others, sociability |
| Person-Situation Controversy | assumes that we have traits that are a fnc of personality and that some traits are linked to roles and to personas we use in different cultures, environments. |
Created by:
mariaramos2012
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