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9th Physical Science
Chapter 19 Review
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Coefficient | number in a chemical equation that represents the number of units of each substance taking part in a chemical reaction |
Chemical equation | shorthand method used to describe chemical reactions using chemical formulas and other symbols |
Molar mass | the mass in grams of one mole of a substance |
Mole | SI unit for quantity equal to 6.022 x 10-23 units of that substance |
Products | in a chemical reaction, the new substance or substances formed |
Reactants | in a chemical reaction, the substance that reacts |
Precipitate | insoluble compound that is formed in a solution during a double-displacement reaction |
Oxidation | the loss of electrons from the atoms of a substance in a chemical reaction |
Reduction | the gain of electrons by the atoms of a substance in a chemical reaction |
Endergonic reaction | chemical reaction that requires energy input in the form of light, thermal energy or electricity in order to proceed |
Endothermic reaction | chemical reaction that requires thermal energy in order to proceed |
Exergonic reaction | chemical reaction that releases some form of energy, such as light or thermal energy |
Exothermic reaction | chemical reaction in which energy is primarily given off in the form of thermal energy |
Catalyst | substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being permanently changed |
Collision model | explains why certain factors affect reaction rates, states that particles must collide in order to react |
Equilibrium | state in which forward and reverse reactions or processes occur at equal rates |
Inhibitor | substance that slows down a chemical reaction or prevents it from occurring by combining with a reactant |
Le Chatelier's principle | states that if a stress is applied to a reaction at equilibrium, the reaction shifts in the direction opposite of the stress |
Reaction rate | the rate at which reactants change into products in a chemical reaction |
Reversible reaction | a reaction that can proceed in both the forward and the reverse directions |