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MrsVanDyke Chapter 9
Personality
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Personality | Psychological qualities that bring continuity to an individual's behavior in different situations and at different times |
| psychoanalysis | Freud's system of treatment for mental disorders |
| Psychoanalytic Theory | Freud's theory of personality |
| Unconscious | In the Freudian theory, this is the psychic domain of which the individual is not aware but that is the storehouse of repressed impulses, drives, and conflicts unavailable to consciousness |
| Libido | Freudian concept of psychic energy that drives individuals to experience sensual pleasure |
| Id | Primitive, unconscious portion of the personality that houses the most basic drives and stores repressed memories |
| Superego | Mind's storehouse of values, including moral attitudes learned from parents and from society; roughly the same as the common notion of the conscious |
| Ego | Conscious, rational part of the personality, charged with keeping peace between the superego and the id |
| Psychosexual Stages | Successive, instinctive patterns of associating pleasure with stimulation of specific bodily areas at different times in life |
| Oedipus Complex | According to Freud, a largely unconscious process whereby boys displace an erotic attraction toward their mother to females of their own age and, at the same time, identify with their own fathers |
| Identification | The mental process by which an individual tries to become like another person, especially the same-sex parent |
| Penis Envy | According to Freud, the female desire to have a penis--a condition that usually results in their attraction to males |
| Fixation | Occurs when psychosexual development is arrested at an immature stage |
| Ego Defense Mechanism | Largely unconscious mental strategies employed to reduce the experience of conflict or anxiety |
| Repression | An unconscious process that excludes unacceptable thoughts and feelings from awareness and memory |
| Projective Tests | Personality assessment instruments, such as the Rorschach and TAT, which are based on Freud's ego defense mechanism of projection |
| Rorschach Inkblot Technique | Projective test requiring subjects to describe what they see in a series of ten inkblots |
| Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) | Projective test requiring subjects to make up stories that explain ambiguous pictures |
| Psychic Determinism | Freud's assumption that all our mental and behavioral responses are caused by unconscious traumas, desires, or conflicts |
| Neo-Freudians | Literally, "new Freudians"; refers to theorists who broke with Freud but whose theories rtain a psychodynamic aspect, especially a focus on mitivation as a source of energy for the personality |
| Personal Unconscious | jung's term for that portion of the unconscious corresponding roughly to the Freudian id |
| Collective Unconscious | Jung's addition to the unconscious, involving a reservoir for instinctive "memories", including the archetypes, which exist in all people |
| Archetypes | The ancient memory images in the collective unconscious. Appear and reappear in art, literature, and folktales around the world |
| Introversion | Jungian dimension that focuses on inner experience--one's own thoughts and feelings--making the introvert less outgoing and sociable than the extravert |
| Extraversion | Jungian personality dimension involving one's attention outward, toward others |
| Basic anxiety | Emotion, proposed by Karen Horney, that gives a sense of uncertainty and loneliness in a hostile world and can lead to maladjustment |
| Neurotic Needs | Signs of neurosis in Horney's theory, these ten needs are normal desires carried to a neurotic extreme |
| Inferiority Complex | Feeling of inferiority that is largely unconscious, with its roots in childhood |
| Compensation | Making up for one's real or imagined deficiencies |
| Traits | Stable personality characteristics that are presumed to exist within the individual and guide his or her thoughts and actions under various conditions |
| Central Traits | According to trait theory, traits that form the basis of personality |
| Secondary Traits | In Trait Theory, traits that form preferences and attitudes |
| Cardinal Traits | Personality components that define people's lives; Very few individuals have cardinal traits |
| Self-Actualizing Personalities | healthy individuals who have met their basic needs and are free to be creative and fulfill their potentialities |
| Fully Functioning Person | Carl Roger's term for a healthy, slef-actualizing individual, who has a self-concept that is both positive and congruent with reality |
| Phenomenal Field | Our psychological reality, composed of one's perceptions and feelings |
| Positive Psychology | Recent movement within psychology, focusing on desirable aspectis of human functioning, as opposed to an emphasis on psychopathology |
| Reciprocal Determinism | Process in which cognition, behavior, and the environment mutually influence each other |
| Locus of Control | Individual's sense of where his or her life influences originate |
| Five-Factor Theory | Trait perspective suggesting that personality is composed of five fundamental personality dimensions: openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism |
| MMPI-2 (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) | Widely used personality assessment instrument that gives scores on ten important clinical traits |
| Reliability | Attribute of a psychological test that gives consistent results |
| Validity | Attribute of a psychological test that actually measures what it is being used to measure |
| Person-Situation Controversy | Theoretical dispute concerning the relative contribution of personality factors and situational factors in controlling behavior |
| Type | Refers to especially important dimensions or clusters of traits that are not only central to a person's personality but are found with essentially the same pattern in many people |
| Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) | Widely used personality test based on Jungian types |
| Implicit Personality Theory | Assumptions about personality tha tare held by people to simplify the task of understanding others |
| Fundamental Attribution Error | Assumption that another person's behavior, Especially clumsy, inappropriate, or otherwise undesirable behavior, is the result of a flaw in the personality, rather than in the situation |
| Neuroticism | Susceptibility to neurotic problems |
Created by:
MrsVanDyke
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