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Autonomics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The postganglionic parasympathetic neurons are _______(cholinergic/noradrenergic) | cholinergic |
| The postganglionic sympathetic neurons are cholinergic _______(cholinergic/noradrenergic). | noradrenergic |
| Ratio of preganglionic to postganglionic fibers in the parasympathetic NS | 1:1 or 1:2(usually) 1:8000 (Auerbach plexus part of the ENS) |
| Ratio of preganglionic to postganglionic fibers in the sympathetic NS | 1:20 to 1:200 |
| Neurotransmission in the peripheral nervous system occurs in what two steps? | axonal conduction and junctional transmission |
| An EPSP can result from: what? | Influx of Na+ or Ca2+ |
| An IPSP can result from: what? | Influx of Cl- or eflux of K+ |
| What is the difference between acetylcholinesterase and butylylcholinesterase? | 1) Acetylcholinesterase (AchE), found in cholinergic neurons, neuromuscular junction, and erythrocytes. 2) Butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), found in the plasma and the liver. |
| What is the difference between an nicotinic receptor and a muscurinic one? | Nicotinic- Ionotropic Muscurinic- metabotropic |
| Nn vs Nm | Nn- in neuronal tissue Nm in Muscles |
| Muscurinic receptors 1 vs 2 vs 3 vs 4 vs 5 | 1,3,5= Gq 2,4= Gi |
| Gq vs Gi | Gq= ^PLC-> ^IP3 and DAG= excitatory - Gi= decreasesd AC ^K+ channel efflux, or decrease cAMP -> inhibitory |
| ---------Modulation of Cholinergic Transmission by Drugs---------------------- | Modulation of Cholinergic Transmission by Drugs |
| Hemicholinium | Blocks choline uptake |
| Vesamicol | Prevents storage of Ach |
| Botulinus toxin | Blocks release |
| Latrotoxin | Causes explosive release |
| Ach, NE, nicotine, atropine, etc | Modulate release acting on presynaptic receptors |
| Physostigmine, edrophonium | Inhibits metabolism of Ach. |
| ----postsynaptic processes------- | ------postsynaptic processes------ |
| Muscarine | activates muscurinic receptors |
| atropine | blocks muscurinic receptors |
| nicotine | activates nicotinic receptors |
| mecamylamine | blocks Nn receptors |
| tubocurarine | blocks Nm receptors |
| ______------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------- |
| All heart receptors are of what kind? | M2, which decrease everything except "conduction" and "refractoriness" |
| What substances are involved in catecholamine metabolism? | MAO-B, and COMT. MAO has low substrate specificity and is in many neurons. COMT is in most other places, has high substrate specificity |
| Which adrenergic receptors are Gi/Go? What do these do? | α2, D2. Gi=Opening of ligand-gated K+ channels or decrease cAMP G0=Blockade of voltage-gated Ca ++ channels |
| Which adrenergic receptors are Gs? What do these do? | β1, β2, β3, D1. These decrease cAMP or |
| Which adrenergic receptors are Gq? What do these do? | α1, ↑ phospholipase C ↑IP3/DAG - ↑ phospholipase A2 ↑ eicosanoid synthesis |
| Blocks NE synthesis | Metyrosine |
| Prevents storage of NE | Reserpine |
| Prevent release of NE | Guanethidine |
| Promotes release of NE | Tyramine Amphetamine |
| inhibits uptake of NE | Cocaine Tricyclic antidepressants |
| Inhibits metabolism of NE | MAO inhibitors |
| activates α1 receptors | epinephrine |
| blocks α1 receptors | prazosin |
| activates α2 receptor binding | epinephrine |
| blocks α2 receptor binding | Yohimbine |
| activates β1 receptor binding | Dobutamine |
| blocks β1 receptor binding | Metoprolol |
| activates β2 receptor binding | Albuterol |
| blocks β2 receptor binding | Butoxamine |
Created by:
nismail1
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