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Ch. 17 & Circulation
Question | Answer |
---|---|
______ are eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic organisms that obtain nutrients by ingestion, and are able to digest their food within their bodies. | animals |
animals cells lack... | cell walls |
most animals have 2 type of cells which are? | muscle cells and nerve cells which control the mucles |
sponges (phylum porifera) lack... | true tissue |
refers to animals that are identical all around a central axis | radial symmetry |
exists where there is only one way to split the animal into equal halves | bilateral symmetry |
a fluid-filled space separating the digestive tract from the outer body wall | body cavity |
If the body cavity is not completely lined by tissue derived from mesoderm, it is called a? | pseudocoelom |
If the body cavity is completely lined by tissue derived from mesoderm, it is called a? | true coelom |
_____ are animals without backbones and represent 95% of the animal kingdom. | invertebrates |
_____ are characterized by the presence of body tissues, radial symmetry, and tentacles with stinging cells. | cnidarians |
The basic body plan of a cnidarian is a sac with a __________ | gastrovascular cavity |
a central digestive compartment with only one opening | gastrovascular cavity |
the body plan of Cnidarians has two variations which are? | the stationary polyp and the floating medusa |
Cnidarians include... | jellyfish, sea anemone, coral, and hydra |
Cnidarians are carnivores that... | use tentacles, armed with cnidocytes (“stinging cells”) for defense and to capture prey. |
_____ are represented by soft-bodied animals and usually protected by a hard shell. | molluscs (phylum Mollusca) |
Many molluscs feed by using a file-like organ called a ______ to scrape up food. | radula |
the body of a mollusc has three main parts which are? | a muscular foot used for movement, a visceral mass containing most of the internal organs, and a mantle |
a _____ is a fold of tissue that secretes the shell if present | mantle |
what are the three major groups of molluscs? | gastropods, bivalves, and cephalopods |
Gastropods include... | snails (protected by spiraled shell) or slugs and sea slugs snails (no shell) |
Bivalves include... | clams, oysters, mussels, and scallops (have a shell divided into two halves hinged together) |
Cephalopods include... | squids and octopus (typically lack an external shell and are built for speed and agility) |
______ are the simplest bilateral animals. | flatworms (phylum Platyhelminthes) |
Flatworms include.... | tapeworms (taenia solium & taenia saginata), planaria, and flukes |
The gastrovascular cavity of flatworms are... | highly branched and provide an extensive surface area for absorption of nutrients |
______ have body segmentation, a subdivision of the body along its length into a series of repeated parts. | Annelids (phylum Annelida) |
what are the three main groups of annelids? | earthworms, polychaetes, and leeches |
The body of annelids includes... | a coelom and a complete digestive tract (a mouth and anus, and one-way movement of food) |
phylum Nematoda (Roundworms) includes... | pinworms, heartworms, hookworms, trichinella (bore into muscles) |
Arthropods (phylum Arthropoda) are named for their jointed appendages. | ... |
There are four main groups of arthropods: | arachnids, crustaceans, , and insects |
Arachnids include... | spiders, scorpions, ticks, and mites |
Crustaceans include... | crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp, and barnacles. |
Myriapods include... | millipedes (two pairs of legs pers seg) and centipedes (one pair of legs per seg) |
Hexapods | insects (six legs) |
Echinoderms (phylum Echinodermata) | show radial symmetry as adults but bilateral symmetry as larvae, have an endoskeleton, and have a water vascular system that facilitates movement and gas exchange |
Echinoderms include... | sea stars, sea cucumber, sea urchins, and sand dollars |
Vertebrates have... | unique endoskeletons composed of a cranium (skull) and a backbone made of a series of bones called vertebrae |
Chordates (phylum Chordata) are... | vertebrates |
all vertebrates are chordates but... | not all chordates are vertebrates |
Chordates consists of three groups of invertebrates: | lancelets, tunicates, hagfishes |
The two major groups of living fishes are the | cartilaginous fishes (sharks and rays), and bony fishes (ray-finned fishes and lobe-finned fishes) |
Amphibians exhibit... | a mixture of aquatic and terrestrial adaptations (dual life cycles) |
Amphibians include... | frogs, toads, salamanders, and nuts |
Reptiles are all... | coldblooded (except for birds) |
Reptiles include... | snakes, lizards, turtles, crocodiles, alligators, and birds |
Mammals have two unique characteristics: | hair and mammary glands |
There are three major groups of mammals: | monotremes, marsupials, and eutherians |
monotremes include... | platypus |
marsupials include... | kangaroos, koala, and opposum |
eutherians include... | true placenta animals |
primates, the mammalian group that also includes: | lemurs, gibbons, tarsiers, monkeys, apes and humans. |
The heart has 4 chambers which are... | 2 atria (L & R) and 2 ventricles (L & R) |
Right side pumps for... | the lungs |
Left side pumps for... | the whole body |
the heart has 4 valves which are... | 2 a/v valves and 2 semi-lunar valves |
the 2 a/v valves = | right a/v valve (tricuspid) left a/v valve (bicuspid or mitral) |
the 2 semi lunar valves = | pulmonary and aortic |
RBC's = | erythrocytes (carry O2 and nutrients) |
WBC's = | leukocytes (protection from infection) |
Platelets = | thrombocytes (blood clotting) |
liquid portion of blood = | plasma |
Neutrophils = | increased bacterial infection |
Lymphocytes = | increased viral infection |
Monocyctes = | atypical ones/ suspect leukemia |
Eosinophils = | parasitic work infection |
Basophils = | allergic reaction |
oxygen rich blood = | red |
oxygen poor blood = | blue |