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Chapter 5
DHS PS Ch. 5 - Thermal Energy (2015)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Related to the average kinetic energy of an object's atoms or molecules. | Temperature |
| The sum of the kinetic and potential energy of all the atoms in an object? | Thermal Energy |
| Thermal energy ________ as temperature increases. | increases |
| At constant temperature, thermal energy increases if ______ increases. | mass |
| Thermal energy that flows from something at a higher temperature to something at a lower temperature is called? | heat |
| The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a material by 1 degree C or K is called? | Specific heat |
| What is the formula for Change in Thermal Energy? | Q = m(Tf-Ti)C |
| When heat flows into an object and its temperature rises, the change in temperature is? | positive |
| When heat flows out of an object and its temperature decreases, the change in temperature is? | negative |
| What is used to measure specific heat? | calorimeter |
| How do temperature and heat differ? | Heat is thermal energy that flows from something warmer to something cooler; temperature is related to kinetic energy of atoms in a substance. |
| The transfer of thermal energy through matter by direct contact of particles is called? | Conduction |
| Kenetic energy is transferred as particles ______? | collide |
| Solids, particularly metals, are ______ heat conductors. | excellent |
| The transfer of energy by the movement of heated particles from one place to another in a fluid is called? | Convection |
| Convection ______ transfer heat from warmer to cooler parts of a fluid. | currents |
| Convection currents create rain forests and ____ over different regions of Earth. | deserts |
| The energy transfer by electromagnetic waves is called? | Radiation |
| Some radiation is _______ and some is reflected when it strikes a material. | absorbed |
| Which color absorbs the most radiant energy? | black |
| Heat transfer by radiation is ______ in a gas than in a liquid or solid. | best or faster |
| Most living things control the flow of heat by using special features such as fur, _____ or scales. | blubber |
| A material that does not let heat flow through it easily is called a? | Insulator |
| Gases such as ____ usually make better insulators than liquids or solids. | air |
| A _______ layer in a thermos is a good insulator because it contains almost no matter to allow conduction or convection to happen. | vacuum |
| What state of matter generally makes a good heat conductor? | Solids are best, followed closely by liquids and gases are the worst. |
| What state of matter generally makes a good heat insulator? | Gases usually make better insulators than liquids or solids. |
| What type of heating system uses fuel to heat air, which is blown through ducts and vents; cool air is returned to the furnace to be reheated? | Forced-air system |
| What type of heating system used hot water or steam in a radiator that transfers thermal energy to the air? | Radiator system |
| What type of heating system uses electrically heated coils in the floors or along the base of the wall to provide heat? | Electric heating system |
| What kind of energy is from the sun? | Solar or radiant |
| Solar heating that does not use mechanical devices to move heat is? | Passive |
| What do active solar heating systems use to absorb radiant energy, which is circulated through the building? | Solar Collectors |
| What type of device converts thermal energy into mechanical energy? | Heat engine |
| What type of engine burns fuel inside the engine in chambers or cylinders? | Internal Combustion Engine |
| What percentage of fuel does an internal combustion engine convert from chemical energy to mechanical energy? | around 25% |
| What appliance contains a coolant that absorbs heat from inside of the appliance and releases it on the outside as heat | refrigerator |
| This device removes heat from inside a home or building and releases it outside. | air conditioner |
| This device can both cool air in the summer and warm air in the winter? | heat pump |
| The human body stays cool by ___________ of sweat. | evaporation |
| If the particles in an object begin to move more quickly, their average kinetic energy __________ and the object's temperature ___________. | increases, rises |
| What is the measure of the average kinetic energy of all the particles in an object? | temperature |
| The moving particles in an object have what kind of energy? | kinetic |
| ________ is the thermal energy that flows from a material with a higher temperature to one with a lower temperature. | heat |
| Thermal energy is the _________ of the particles in a material. | total energy |
| A material that reduces the flow of heat by conduction, convection, and radiation is _______? | an insulator |
| Convection will usually most likely occur in? | liquids and gases |
| The transfer of energy that does not require matter is? | radiation |
| Conduction will most likely occur in? | solids followed closely by liquids |
| The inside surface of a glass inside a vacuum bottle that is coated with aluminum to prevent heat loss by? | radiation |
| Describe the flow of heat if you put ice cubes in a warm glass of pop. | heat will travel from the warm pop to the cold ice |
| What is the method of heat transfer that is involved if someone is ironing clothing? | Conduction |
| If you were to design and build a home, where would you put the most insulation at? | Most in ceiling, followed by walls and then floor. |
| As particles move faster, they tend to be farther apart making the fluid less dense causing it to rise. Thes best describes with method of heat transfer? | convection |
| Solar collectors are parts of an? | active solar heating system |
| Gasoline engines and diesel engines are what type of engines? | internal combustion engines |
| What is the sequence of strokes in a four-stroke engine? | intake, compression, power, exhaust |
| In a forced-air heating system, the main method of heat transfer would be? | convection |
| Which part of an engine converts thermal energy into mechanical energy? | piston |
| Which type of surface would absorb the most radiant energy? | dull, dark, surface |
| Which method of heat transfer best explains why heating one end of a steel rod will eventually cause the unheated end to become hot? | conduction |
| In internal combustion engine uses what kind of energy to do work? | heat |
| Mr. Smith takes a thermos bottle filled with hot coffee to work every day. The thermos bottle keeps the coffee hot by? | slowing heat transfer |
| A snake rests on a warm rock in the sun. It's body is warmed by? | conduction and radiation |
| Energy as heat is transferred from a higher temperature to? | a lower temperature |
| The transfer of energy that does NOT require matter is? | radiation |
| Evaporation causes a ____ effect. | cooling |
| Steam engines are examples of __________ ? | external combustion engines. |
| Which two phases of matter are considered to be fluids? | liquids and gases |
| What material will slow heat energy transfer from a warmer object to a cooler one? | insulation |
| The transfer of energy as heat caused by the collision of molecules is called? | conduction |
| The study of the relationship between heat, work, and thermal energy is called? | thermodynamics |
| Heat always transfers from a warmer object to a cooler object unless work is done is known as? | The 2nd Law of Thermodynamics |
| The process by which engine fuels burn is called? | combustion |
| As the kinetic energy of the molecules in a substance increases the? | temperature of the substance increases |
| When you feel a warm oven, the sensation of warmth is the result of? | energy transfer |
| Good ________ do not allow heat to move easily through them. | insulators |
| The amount of thermal energy gained by an object is equal to the work done on it as well as any heat that is added. | The 1st Law of Thermodynamics |
| If two objects have the same temperature, the one with the greater _____ will have more thermal energy. | mass |
| Mass is measured in ____ ? | kg |
| Two objects of the same mass are heated and then allowed to cool. Which object cools the fastest? | The one with the lesser specific heat. |
| What is the specific heat of water? | 4,200 J/kg K |
| What side of a house receives the most sun in the winter? | South |
| As matter is heated, it tends to _______ in size. | expand |
| Whenever a gas is compressed, its temperature ________ ? | increases |
| Whenever a gas or liquid is expanded, its temperature ________ ? | decreases |
| This a two-way heat mover | Heat pump |
| Hypothesize why dipping your finger in a cup of alcohol and a cup of water and then blowing causes one finger to feel cooler. | Alcohol has a lower boiling point which means that it evaporates easily causing a greater cooling effect. |
| The theoretical point at which the kinetic energy of particles is zero | Absolute zero |
| As matter is heated and particles move farther apart, the _______ ________ increases. | potential energy |
| The reason why water has such a high specific heat is because of the _____ _______ ________between its molecules. | strong intermolecular bonds |
| The reason metals are such good conductors of heat is because their ______ can move freely between atoms. | electrons |
| Touching a hot surface is an example of ________ . | conduction |
| Smoke rising up from a fire is an example of ______ . | convection |
| Feeling heat from the sun is an example of ______ . | radiation |
| As matter in a fluid cools, it becomes more _____ and sinks. | dense |
| This effect is caused by allowing radiant energy to enter a space (such as a car or planet), heat the matter inside, and then trap the heat inside. | The greenhouse effect |
| A refrigerator contains a _______ that is pumped through pipes on the inside and outside of the refrigerator. | coolant |
| How does a refrigerator do work? | It does work by compressing the gas and releasing heat |
| In a refrigerator, liquid coolant is pumped through an ______ _____ and changes the liquid to a gas and dramatically lowering the temperature. | expansion valve |
| ________ is known as the human coolant | Sweat |
| If you leave the front door open in the winter, you are doing what? | Letting the warm air out. |
| Q represents | change in thermal energy measure in Joules |
| m represents | mass measured in kilograms |
| Tf represents | final temperature measured in Celsius or Kelvin |
| Ti represents | initial temperature measured in Celsius or Kelvin |
| C represents | specific heat measure in J / kg K |
Created by:
basmith
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