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Unit 4 Science Notes
Term | Definition |
---|---|
pure substance | same composition throughout; examples are silver, gold, oxygen. |
compound | chemically combined, changes properties, set ratio; examples are water, carbon dioxide, sodium chloride. |
mixture | two substances physically combined, same identities, not in a set ratio. |
heterogeneous mixture | see different parts; examples are pizza toppings, trail mix, skittles. |
homogeneous mixture | looks the same throughout; examples are mustard, salt water. |
solution | very well mixed, small particles, homogeneous; examples are solid- alloy, liquid- kool-aid, gas- air. |
alloy | adds strength and resistance. |
suspension | type of mixture, particles are not the same, heterogeneous, particles are large enough to settle to the bottom; "shake well before using." |
colloid | particles are in between the sizes of a solution and suspension, particles are large enough to scatter light but small enough to not settle; examples are fog, milk, eggs, butter. |
solubility | ability to dissolve. |
Factors Affecting Solutions | temperature- increase temp,/increase solubility, pressure- gas, surface area- exposing more particles to the solvent, agitation- stir, shake, mix, types of materials- like dissolves like. |
solvent | doing the dissolving. |
solute | being dissolved. |
acid | sour taste, react with metals and carbonates, corrosive (eats away), turn blue litmus paper red, H+, pH of 0-7. |
pH scale | 0 end- strong acid, near 7- weak acid, 7- neutral, 14 end- strong base, near 7- weak base. |
pH | power of Hydrogen |
base | taste bitter, feel slippery (like soap), turn red litmus paper blue, can be just as dangerous as an acid, OH-, pH of 7-14. |
molarity | number of moles of a solute in the volume of a solution; moles/volume of solution. |
Neutralization | reaction between an acid and a base; products- water and salt. |
saturated | holding the max. amount of solute at a given temperature. |
unsaturated | can continue to hold more solute. |
supersaturated | holding more solute that a saturated solute by heating it up. |
insolubility | not able to dissolve; examples are oil and water (nonpolar and polar.) |