Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
PSYC 332 Exam 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Stages of psychosexual development | 1. Oral 2. Anal 3. Phallic 4. Latency 5. Genital |
| Three parts of the mind | Conscious, Preconscious, Unconscious |
| Id | the part of the mind that is the source of all drives and urges. operates according to the pleasure principle. |
| Ego | the part of the mind that postpones id urges. operates according to the reality principle and is a mediator between the id and superego. |
| Superego | the part of the mind that sets moral standards. is critical of us when we do something wrong. |
| Repression | a defense mechanism that refers to keeping unpleasant memories, thoughts, urges out of conscious awareness |
| Displacement | a defense mechanism that refers to expressing inappropriate urges or feelings that you have for one person towards a more acceptable or safer target (e.g., yelling at your wife when you're angry at your boss) |
| Rationalization | a defense mechanism that refers to generating acceptable explanations for outcomes that might otherwise be unacceptable |
| Reaction formation | a defense mechanism that refers to displaying the behavior that is the opposite of one's impulse (replacing hostility with kindness) |
| Projection | a defense mechanism that refers to projecting negative traits on others |
| Sublimation | a defense mechanism that refers to the channeling instincts into socially desired activities |
| Denial | a defense mechanism that refers to keeping an experience out of memory or insisting that things are not actually the way they seem |
| Defense mechanism | strategies used by the ego to cope with anxiety and threats to self-esteem |
| Need for cognition | an individual’s tendency to engage in and enjoy effortful cognitive endeavors |
| Motives | internal states that direct behavior towards goals |
| Press | aspects of the environment that can satisfy and/or frustrate needs |
| Cognitive unconscious | The processes of perception, memory, thinking, learning (e.g., subliminal perception and priming) that do not need consciousness in order to occur |
| Psychodynamic unconscious | the view that there is part of the mind that holds emotionally laden conflicts, wishes, desires & fantasies. This serves a defensive function that protects one’s self-concept and maintains emotional well-being. |
| Field dependence | The tendency to think globally vs. analytically; where you seek information (the environment or from the self) |
| Pain tolerance | The individual difference variable referring to how one typically reacts to pain |
| Entity mindset | believing that a trait (e.g., intelligence) is fixed and can not be changed |
| Incremental mindset | believing that a trait (e.g., intelligence) is malleable and can be increased through effort |
| Regulatory focus theory | the theory that suggests individuals regulate their goal-directed behavior in two different ways |
| Prevention focus | a tendency to focus on protection, safety, and the prevention of negative outcomes and failures |
| Promotion focus | a tendency to focus on advancement, growth, and accomplishment |
| Rotter’s expectancy model of learning behavior | A model suggesting that people differ because of differences in expectations of whether they think behavior will lead to reward |
| Locus of control | A person’s perception of responsibility for the events in their life |
| Internal locus of control | Belief that outcomes result from personal effort |
| External locus of control | Belief that outcomes largely depend on forces outside of personal control |
| Learned helplessness | Instead of resisting or fighting, becoming passive or learning to "just deal" with a difficult or painful situation after repeated negative feedback |
| Emotional intelligence | A broad trait that is thought to comprise an individual's level of self-awareness, emotional labor, self-regulation, field dependence and leadership skills |
| Need for Affiliation / Intimacy | preference for closeness |
| Need for Power | preference for influencing others |
| Need for Achievement | desire to be successful and feel competent |
| Need | State of tension associated with an intention or desire, a set of emotions, and action tendencies |
| Self-schema | cognitive representation of the self-concept (how we organize information about the self) |
| Self-concept | individual's beliefs about themselves |
| Working self-concept | information about the self that is currently accessible |
| Self-discrepancy theory | a self theory that suggests that there are three domains of the self: the actual self, the ideal self, and the ought self |
| Actual self | one's self-concept (one domain of the self proposed by self-discrepancy theory) |
| Ideal self | the attributes that one wants to possess (one domain of the self proposed by self-discrepancy theory) |
| Ought self | the attributes that one feels that it is their duty or obligation to possess (one domain of the self proposed by self-discrepancy theory) |
| Self-esteem | evaluations of self-worth; one component of the self |
| Self-esteem variability | magnitude of short-term fluctuations in ongoing self-esteem |
| Sources of self-esteem | Self-efficacy, social feedback, and self-complexity |
| Self-efficacy | how well you believe that you can perform on a task |
| Self-complexity | the extent to which one's self-concept includes many different roles and aspects |
| Self-enhancement | the desire to think of & present ourselves more positively |
| Self-verification | the need to maintain a coherent sense of self |
| Public self-awareness | a temporary state in which we become aware of how we are seen by others (how we look, what impression we are making, etc...) |
| Private self-awareness | a temporary state in which we become aware of our thoughts, feelings, attitudes, dreams, fantasies |
| Public self-consciousness | tendency to be continually aware of how we are seen by others (how we look, what impression we are making, etc...) |
| Private self-consciousness | tendency to be continually aware of our thoughts, feelings, attitudes, dreams, fantasies |
| Three components of the self | Self-concept, self-esteem, and social identity |
| State emotion | transitory or momentary emotions |
| Trait emotion | pattern of emotional reaction |
| Emotion dimensions of circumplex model | pleasantness and arousal |
| Positive affect | experience of positive mood (e.g., enthusiasm, altertness) |
| Negative affect | experience of negative mood (e.g., distress) |
| Emotion regulation | process of regulating emotions for a goal |
| Situation selection | approaching or avoiding certain people, places, or things in order to regulate emotions (an antecedent-focused strategy) |
| Attentional deployment | focusing of attention either toward or away from an emotion-eliciting situation in order to regulate emotions (an antecedent-focused strategy) |
| Cognitive change (aka cognitive reappraisal) | thinking about a potentially emotion-eliciting situation in a different way; coming up with alternative explanations for a scenario in order to regulate emotions (an antecedent-focused strategy) |
| Response modulation (aka suppression) | the attempt to regulate the behavioral component or expression of an emotion (a response-focused strategy) |
| Mindfulness | paying attention, on purpose, in the present moment, non-judgmentally |
| Personality disorder | An enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that differs greatly from the expectations of the individual’s culture and that causes significant distress and impairment; extreme personality traits |
| Avoidant Personality Disorder | A personality disorder characterized by feelings of inadequacy and sensitivity to criticism; related to social anxiety disorder |
| Dependent Personality Disorder | A personality disorder characterized by an excessive need to be taken care of |
| Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder | A personality disorder characterized by excessive perfectionism and rigidity |
| Paranoid Personality Disorder | A personality disorder characterized by extreme distrust in others, hostility and jealousy |
| Borderline Personality Disorder | A personality disorder characterized by emotional dysregulation, impulsivity, and unstable relationship patterns (emotional, behavioral, and interpersonal dysregulation) |
| Antisocial Personality Disorder | A personality disorder characterized by lack of remorese, aggressiveness, deceitfulness, and failure to conform to social norms |
| Narcissistic Personality Disorder | A personality disorder characterized by a strong need to be desired, sense of self-importance and lack of insight into other’s feelings |
| Histrionic Personality Disorder | A personality disorder characterized by excessive attention seeking and emotionality |
| Schizoid Personality Disorder | A personality disorder characterized by detachment from normal social relations and lack of desire for relationships |
| Schizotypal Personality Disorder | A personality disorder characterized by severe discomfort in social interactions and unusual perceptual experiences |
| Direct effects of personality on health | personality demonstrates direct relationships (correlations) with health related behaviors and outcomes |
| Moderation effects of personality on stress and illness | personality changes the nature of the relationship between stress and illness (e.g., traumatic events are more likely to lead to PTSD symptoms for individuals with an external locus of control). |
| Type A Behavior Pattern | A personality dimension characterized by aggressiveness, hostility,competitiveness and a sense of urgency; includes two dimensions called achievement striving and impatience-irritability |
| Type B Behavior Pattern | A personality dimension characterized by feeling relaxed, less time-conscious, and less driven; the opposite of Type A |
| Type D Behavior Pattern | A personality dimension characterized by high negative affectivity and social inhibition |
| Stress | A response to the perceived physical or psychological demands placed on a person |
| Major life events | Events that require that people make major adjustments in their life |
| Daily hassles | Major sources of stress in most people’s lives |
| Dispositional optimism | tendency to expect that good events will occur in the future |
| Optimistic attributional style | tendency to explain events using external, unstable, and specific attributions |
| Burnout | Work-related chronic physical and emotional exhaustion |
| Narcissim | A "dark triad" personality trait characterized by inflated self-admiration |
| Machiavellianism | A "dark triad" personality trait characterized by tendencies to use people for personal gain |
| Psychopathy | A "dark triad" personality trait characterized by subclinical antisocial characteristics |
| Hardiness | personality trait characterized by commitment to one's work, internal locus of control, and tendencies to view stressors as opportunities for growth |
| Alpha press | An objective aspect of the environment that can satisfy and/or frustrate a need (the objective reality) |
| Beta press | A perceived aspect of the environment that can satisfy and/or frustrate a need (the perceived reality) |
Created by:
arogers5
Popular Psychology sets