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Stranger anxiety
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seperation anxiety
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psychology

chapter 6

QuestionAnswer
Stranger anxiety the caution and wariness displayed by infants when encountering an unfamilar person.
seperation anxiety the distress displayed by infants when a customary care provider departs.
social smile smiling in response to other individuals.
social referencing the intentional search for information about others' feelings to help explain the meaning of uncertain circumstanes and events.
self-awareness knowledge of oneself
theory of mind knowledge and beliefs about how the mind works and how it affects behavior.
empathy an emotional response that corresponds to the feelings of another person.
attachment the positive emotional bond that develops between a child and a particular individual.
ainsworth strange situation a sequence of staged epidsodes that illustrates the strength of attachment between a child and (typically) his or her mother.
secure attachment pattern a style of attchment in which children use the mother as a kind of home base and are at ease when she is present; when she leaves they become upset and go to her as soon as she returns.
avoidant attachment pattern a style of attachment in which children do not seek proximity to the mother; after their mother has left. they seem to avoid her when she returns as if they are angered by her behavior.
ambivalent attachent pattern a style of attachment in which children displaya combination of positive and negative reactions to their mothers; they show great distress when the mother leaves, but upon her return they may simultaneously seek close contact but also hit and kick her.
disorganized- disoriented attachment pattern a style of attaqchment in which children show incosistent, often contraditory behavior, such as approaching the mother when she returns but not looking at her; they may be the least securely attached children of all.
mutual regulation model The model in which infants and parents learn to communicate emotional states to one another and to respond appropriately.
reciprocal socialization a process in which infants' behaviors invite further responses from parents and other caregivers. which in turn bring about further resonses from the infants.
personality the sum total of the enduring characteristics that differentiate one indivdual from another.
Erikson's theory of psychosocial development the theory that considers how individuals come to understand themselves and the meaning of others' - and their own - behavior,.
Trust-versus-mistrust stage according to erikson, the period during which infants develop a sense of trust or mistrust, largely depending on how well their needs are met by their caregivers.
autonomy-versus-shame-and-doubt stage the period during which, according to Erickson, toddlers (age 18 months to 3 years) develop independence and autonomy if they are allowed the freedom to explore, or shame and self-doubt if they are restricted and overprotected.
temperament patterns of arousal and emotionality that are consistent and enduring characteristics of an individual.
Easy babies babies who have a positive disposition; their body functions operate regulary, and they are adaptable.
difficult babies babies who have negative moods ad are slow to adapt to new situations; when confronted with a new situation, they tend to withdraw.
slow-to-warm babies babies who are inactive, showing relatively calm reactions to their environment; their moods are generally negative, and they withdraw from new situations, adapting slowly.
goodness-of-it the notion that development is dependent on the degree of match between children's temperament and the nature and demands of the environment in which they are being raised.
gender The sense of being male or female.
Created by: CHARLIA
 

 



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