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Periodic Table
Vocabulary of Matter and Elements
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Matter | Anything that takes up space and has mass |
| Mass | The material that matter is made up of |
| Volume | How much room / space matter takes up |
| Density | D=m / v the amount of mass in a specific volume of space |
| Atom | Smallest part of an element, the building blocks of matter |
| Electron | Particle of an atom with a negative charge, moves around the nucleus and has an attractive force that allows it to bond with other atoms creating everything in the universe |
| Proton | Particles of an atom with a positive charge located inside the nucleus |
| Neutron | Particles of an atom with a neutral /no charge located inside the the nucleus along with the proton |
| Periodic Table | Large grid that identifies and classifies all of the elements by their chemical and physical properties |
| Elements | The simplest substance that cannot be broken down / they make up all matter in the universe |
| Periods/rows | rows that tell how many energy levels each elements has for the electrons to move around |
| Groups or family/columns | columns that tell how valence electrons each element has / the number of electrons that move on its outer shell/energy level |
| Valence electrons | The electrons that move on the outer shell / energy levels of an atom |
| Atomic number | How many protons an element has inside the nucleus / usually is same # of neutrons and electron |
| Atomic mass | The measurement of the mass for an elements atom |
| Chemical properties | the ability of substances to combine with one another forming new and different compounds and molecules |
| Physical properties | The state of matter and appearance of a substance |
| Ionic bond | When elements either lose or gain an electron during bonding |
| Covalent bond | When elements share electrons during bonding |
| Chemical change / reaction | Elements bond together through the attractive force of electrons creating some type of reaction and change |
| Compound / molecule | two or more elements combine together in a specific ratio / pattern creating a whole new substance and different substance |
| Mixture | Two or more elements combine together keeping their original properties, they do not change into a new substance / compound |
| Nobel Gases | All of the elements in Group #18- they are most stable elements because they have eight electrons in their outer shell |
| Halogens | All of the elements in Group #17- they are very stable elements because because they have eight electrons in their outer shell |
| Alkali Metals | All elements in Group #1- they are very reactive because they have only one valence electron |
| Metalloids | Electrons between metal and non-metals that can react either way, they have 3-7 valence electrons |
| Endothermic | inner or inside, Chemical reaction that takes in energy- ex. vinegar and baking soda |
| Exothermic | energy is released- ex. sunlight/ fusion |
Created by:
elisetrainor
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