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perodic table
vocabulary for elements
Term | Definition |
---|---|
matter | anything that takes up space and has mass |
mass | the material that matter is made of |
volume | how much room/space matter takes up |
density | D=/v the amount of mass in a specific volume space |
atom | smallest part of an element, the building blocks of all matter |
electron | particle of atom with a negative charge, moves around the nucleus and has an attractive force that allows it to bond with other atoms creating everything in the universe. |
proton | particle of an atom with a positive charge located inside the nucleus |
neutron | particle of an atom with a neutral/no charge located inside the nucleus along with the proton |
periodic table | large grid that identifies and classifies all of elements by their chemical and physical properties |
element | the simplest substance that cannot be broken down/ they make up all matter in the universe |
periods/rows | rows that tell how many energy levels each elements has for the electrons to move around |
groups or family/columns | columns that tell how many valence electrons each element has/ the number of electrons that can move on its outer shell/ energy level |
valence electrons | the electrons that move on the outer shell/ energy level of an atom |
atomic number | how many protons an element has inside the nucleus/ usually is same # of neutrons and electrons |
atomic mass | the measurement if the mass for an elements |
chemical propety | the ability of substances to combine with one another forming new different compounds and molecules |
physical property | the state of matter and appearance of a substance |
ionic bond | when elements either lose or gain an electron during bonding |
covenant bond | when elements share electrons during bonding |
chemical change/ reaction | elements bond together through the attractive force of electrons creating some type of reaction creating some type of reaction and change |
compound/molecule | two or more substances together in a specific ratio/ pattern creating a whole, new and different substance |
mixture | two or more substances combine togrther keeping their original properties, they do not change into a new substance/compound |
Nobel gases | all of the elements in groups#18 - they are the most stable elements because they have eight electrons in their outer shell. |
halogens | all of the elements in group#17- they are very reactive bonding easily with elements in group#1 because they have seven valence electrons and want to be stable |
alkali metals | all of the elements in group#1- they are very reactive because they have only one valence electrons and want to be stable |
metalloids | elements between metal and non-metals that can react either way, they have 3-7 valence electrons |