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Properties of Matter
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is matter? | Anything that has mass and takes up space |
| How do you measure matter? | mass and volume |
| What is the Law of Conservation of Mass? | Mass cannot be created or destroyed (but it can be changed from one state to another) |
| When a liquid changes to a gas, what happens to matter? | Matter stays the same |
| What is a Chemical Property defined as? | The ability of a substance to undergo or resist chemical changes |
| What is a Physical Property defined as? | Characteristics of matter that can be measured and observed without changing the makeup of the substance |
| Color, odor, taste, density, malleability,brittleness and tensile strength are examples of what type of property? (Chemical or Physical) | Physical |
| Flammability and the ability to react with other substance or energy is an example of which type of property? (Chemical or Physical) | Chemical |
| What is an Endothermic reaction? | a chemical reaction that absorbs (takes in) energy (heat) |
| What is an Exothermic reaction? | a chemical reaction that releases (gives off) energy (heat) |
| What is the definition of a Substance? | a particular kind of matter with the same makeup and properties (pure) |
| What is the definition of an Element? | A substance that cannot be made into a simpler substance by ordinary means (found on the periodic table) *all matter is made of elements (alone or in combination) |
| What is the definition of a Compound? | A substance that is made of two or more elements that are chemically combined *each compound has it’s own properties (combined chemically) |
| What is the definition of a Mixture? | a combination of two or more kinds of matter that can be separated by physical means. |
| What is a Phase Change? | A change from one state of matter (solid, liquid, gas) to another. |
| What happens during a Phase Change? | Heat energy is either absorbed (as heat molecules expand) or released (as molecules slow down & move closer together) |
| What happens during the Melting Phase? | Phase change from a solid to a liquid (ex: ice changing to water) Molecules speed up, move farther apart, and absorb heat energy |
| What happens during the Freezing Phase? | Phase Change from a liquid to a solid (ex: water changing to ice) Molecule slow down, move closer together and release heat energy. |
| What happens during the Vaporizing (Boiling) Phase? | Phase change from a liquid to gas. It occurs at the boiling point of matter. Molecules speed up, move farther apart, and absorb heat energy. |
| What happens during the Evaporation Phase? | Phase change from a liquid to a gas on the surface of a liquid (occurs at all temperatures). Molecules speed up, move farther apart, and absorb heat energy. |
| What happens during the Condensation Phase? | Phase change from a gas to a liquid (ex: water on outside of glass). Molecule slow down, move closer together and release heat energy. |
| What happens during the Sublimation Phase? | Phase change from a solid to a gas (ex: dry ice). Molecules speed up, move farther apart, and absorb heat energy. |
| What happens during the Deposition Phase? | Phase change from a gas to a solid (ex: frost on windows). Molecules slow down, move closer together and release heat energy. |
| What part of the graph shows where a phase change is occurring and there is no temperature change during that phase change? | Plateau |
| What is the melting point of ice and freezing point of water? | 0 degrees Celsius |
| What is the boiling point of water? | 100 degrees Celsius |
| Which type of matter (solid, liquid, gas) has the most space between particles and therefore generates the most energy? | Gas |
| Kinetic Molecular Theory states that all particles have energy, and the energy varies depending on the _______________ the sample of matter is in | temperature |
| Which particles have the least amount of energy since the molecules are so tightly packed together? Solids, liquids or gasses? | solids |
| How are molecules heated through Conduction? | Heat transfers through direct contact with objects that are touching.(ex: hot sand burns feet) - happens only in solids. |
| How are molecules heated through Convection? | Heat passes through fluids (liquids & gases). Molecules rise when heated, then cooler molecules sink down to absorb heat. The cycle continues until all molecules are heated (current). |
| How does Radiation heat through empty space? | heat moves through places where there are no molecules by moving in waves. Ex: light bulb, fireplace, human body giving off heat, how the sun heats the Earth |
| What is heat transfer? | how heat moves out of one thing and into another thing |
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