Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Sociology Exam 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Social Categories are ranked by what? | Economic class, social prestige, power |
| Social Stratification | Systematic inequalities between groups of people that arise as intended or unintended consequences of social processes and relationships |
| Dialectic Relationship | A 2 directional relationship leading to compromise and conclusion- each party is dependent on the other |
| Standards of inequality: opportunity, condition, outcome | Opportunity: every individual has an equal chance to obtain wealth Condition: everyone should have an equal starting point in life Outcome: every individual must end up with the same amount of wealth regardless their occupation |
| Free rider problem | When more than one person is responsible for accomplishing something, incentives disappear |
| Estate System | limited mobility based on politics |
| Endogamy | marriage within one group |
| Closed vs. Open systems of social mobility | Closed: very little opportunity to move from one class to another Open: ample opportunities to move from one class to another |
| Structural mobility | changes in the social status of large numbers of people due to structural changes in society |
| Socioeconomic status | an individuals position in the stratified social order |
| Wealth vs. Income | Wealth: a family's or individual's net worth Income: money received by a person for work, from transfers, or from returns on investments |
| Contemporary American Stratification (upper class, middle class, etc.) | Upper class (top 1%), upper middle class(professionals), middle class(white collar), working class(blue collar), lower class (individuals whos income is less than the predetermined poverty line) |
| The Underclass | the poor are not only different in their inability to take advantage of society's resource, but are also increasingly deviant and even dangerous to the rest of us |
| Relative Poverty | standard of living a % of median income in a given location |
| Absolute Poverty | a measure of poverty based on meeting basic necessities |
| Feminism | the belief that women and men should be equal in opportunities and respect |
| Sex vs. gender | sex: biological differences that distinguish males from females gender: a social position, the set of social arrangements that are built around normative sex categories |
| Gender essentialism | gender roles are genetic or biological in origin or fixed |
| Biological Determinism | what you do in the social world is a direct result of who you are in the world |
| Constructionalist approach to gender | notions of gender are socially determined gender is not fixed or natural |
| Gender roles | set of behavioral normals assumed to accompany one's status as a male or female |
| Emphasized Femininity | the idealized version of femininity often emphasized by looks |
| Hegemonic Masculinity | men are dominant and privileged and this dominance and privilege is invisible |
| Hyper-masculinity | emphasis on physical strength, aggression, and sexuality an exaggeration of the male stereotype |
| Structural Functionalism and gender inequality | each sex is assigned role and given a script that actors carry out and these roles are played as they lead to the society to function as a whole |
| Parson's sex role theory | the nuclear family is the ideal arrangement as it reproduces workers |
| Conflict theory and patriarchy | men have historically held more access to resources and privileges and have sought to maintain their dominance |
| Symbolic interactionism and gender | gender is learned through socialization and a product of our interactions; gender inequality is reproduced through interaction with family, peers, schools, media |
| Black Feminism | we do alot more than gender. early feminism was by about and for while middle class women |
| The myth of Race | the biology of race does not exist |
| Race vs. Ethnicity (voluntary vs involuntary) | Race: externally imposed, involuntary, physical differences, hierarchial, exclusive, unequal Ethnicity: shared culture, language, geographical origin, religion, values, voluntary, self defined, culture, |
| Racism | the belief that members of seperate races possess different and unequal traits |
| Scientific Racism | cataloging physical differences |
| Ethocentrism | the belief that one's own culture or group is superior to others, and the tendency to view all other cultures from the perspective of one's own |
| Ontological Equality | to question race as a basis for judgement |
| Social Darwinism and Race | survival of the fittest |
| Eugenics | races vary due to seperate and distinctive reproductive genetic histories |
| Nativism | protecting the indigenous land from 'dangerous' immigrants |
| The One-Drop Rule | if you are 1/16th african american, you are black |
| Miscengenation | interracial marriage |
| Racialization | the formation of a new racial identity by drawing ideological boundaries of difference around a formerly unnoticed group of people |
| Prejudice | negative attitudes towards members of a specific group |
| Individual Discrimination | one person practicing negative behavior towards another |
| Institutional Discrimination | social institutions policies and/or practices that systematically disadvantage certain groups |
| Caste System | No social mobility- religion based |
| Class System | Economically based hierarchial system class identity corresponds with roles |
| Status Hierarchy System | based on social prestige high degree of social mobility |
| Elite-mass dichotomy system | leadership based on ability and achievement |
Created by:
sbm4175
Popular Psychology sets