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Mac Test 2
States of Consciousness, Drugs, and Memory
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is an Electroencephalograph (EEG)? | Medical technology that measures the electrical activity in the brain; Brain wave machine |
| What can a EEG be used for? | People who have seizures, headaches, or brain injuries. |
| What are the waves that are small and fast and used when you are awake? | Beta Waves |
| What are the large slow waves used when sleeping? | Alpha Waves |
| What are the waves that are irregular and associated with light sleepers? | Theta Waves |
| What are the waves that are slow and associated with deep sleep? | Delta Waves |
| What are the two basic states of sleeping? | Non-Rem (NREM) and REM |
| How many stages of sleep are in NREM? | 4 stages |
| What happens in stage 1 of sleep? | Light sleep, only up to 7 minutes, you can have Hypnic Jerks Brain is in Theta Waves |
| What are Hypnic Jerks? | Sudden Muscle Contractions |
| What happens in stage 2 of sleep? | Sleep spindles; body relaxing and processes are slowing down |
| What happens in stage 3 of sleep? | Delta waves begin to appear |
| What happens in stage 4 of sleep? | Go into deep sleep: Lasts an average of one house, most restful sleep, night terrors can occur, you are in all delta waves. |
| What is the REM stage of sleeping? | Dreaming stage; all beta waves |
| What is the average time for the REM stage? | Lasts 15 minutes the first time; each Rem after is one hour. |
| What happens to your body during your dreaming stage? | You get Cataplexy |
| What is cataplexy? | When your body goes temporarily paralyzed |
| How many dream theories are there? | 3 |
| What are the 3 dream theories? | Psychodynamic, Activation synthesis, and Neurocognitive |
| What proposed science for the Psychodynamic Theory? | Sigmund Freud |
| What does the Psychodynamic Theory emphasize? | Internal conflicts and unconscious forces |
| What are the three Psychodynamic theories? | Symbolic, Manifest, and Latent |
| What is the meaning of a symbolic dream? | Images in dreams that have deeper symbolic meanings |
| What is the meaning of Manifest Content? | Obvious, visible meaning |
| What is the meaning of Latent Content? | Hidden symbolic meanings |
| What is Activation Synthesis theory? | Dreams reflect changes in environment & information into dreams. |
| What are examples of Activation-Synthesis? | Dreaming your alarm clock is going off, phone is ringing, you are eating, or urinating |
| What is Neurocognitive Dream Theory? | Dreams reflect on events or the day |
| What are examples of Neurocognitive Dream Theory? | An argument you had that day, or speeding ticket |
| What are cannabinoids? | Drug that come from the Sativa Plant |
| What is the active ingredient in cannabinoids? | THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol) |
| Where are some examples of Cannabinoids? | Marijuana, weed, Hashish (makes you hungry, sleepy, poor motor coordination) |
| What can Cannabinoids do to your body? | Increase risk of cancer, Suppress the immune system, miscarriages, get stupider. |
| What are stimulates? | Stimulate the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system) Psychoactive drug |
| What is a Psychoactive drug do? | Speeds you up |
| What is the number one Psychoactive drug? | Coffee |
| What are other drugs for Psychoactive? | Amphetamine (Aderall), Nicotine, and Cocaine |
| What is made in labs with dangerous mixtures of chemicals? | Methamphetamine (Meth) |
| What are Barbiturate? | Downers or Depressants Depress the activity in the Central Nervous System (put asleep your motor cortex) |
| What are examples of Barbiturates? | Alcohol, Sedatives (sleep aids), Benzodiazepines (tranquilizers; valium, xanax) |
| What are tranquilizers? | Drug that lowers anxiety and reduces tension (Rape drug, roofies) |
| What is detoxification? | Withdrawl of person from alcohol |
| What is a cure for detoxification? | AA |
| What do hallucinogens do? | Cause hallucinations |
| What are hallucinations? | reality ranging from seeing images or hearing sounds that are not real |
| What are examples of Hallucinogens? | LSD, PCP "angel dust", Mushrooms, Peyote and San Pedro Cactus (mescaline) and MDMA (ecstacy) |
| What does ecstasy do to you? | Causes dehydration, liver problems, lose serotonin brain cells (depression) |
| What are Opioids? | Pain Killers (pure from opium) |
| What are examples of Opioids? | Morphine, heroin, Codeine(cough syrup), Pain pills(Lortab), and Methodone |
| What are the 3 stages of memory? | Sensory Memory, Short-Term Memory, and Long-Term Memory |
| What does Sensory memory do? | Stores an exact copy of incoming information |
| What are the 2 sensory memories? | Visual information:Icon and Auditory Sound: Echo |
| Duration of Sensory Memory? | Instant to 3 seconds |
| Capacity for Sensory Memory? | 1 piece at a time (the piece you PAID ATTENTION to) |
| What does short term memory do? | Stores small amounts of information |
| What is Short term memory also known as? | "Working Memory" |
| What are the 2 rehearsals in Short Term memory? | Maintenance and Elaborative |
| What is MAINTENANCE REHEARSAL? | Repeating information silently to prolong its presence in STM Ex. Dancing/ Learning Music/ Learning Names |
| What is ELABORATIVE REHEARSAL? | Linking new information with existing memories and knowledge in LTM Ex. Learning math, How to cook |
| What is the Duration of Short Term Memory? | 30 seconds |
| Capacity of Short Term Memory? | "Magical Number seven plus or minus 2" Created by George Miller |
| What does the average person have? | 7 PIECES |
| What did George say to do? | CHUNK IT |
| What is chunking? | Organizing information into meaningful chunks |
| What is Long Term memory? | Storage (function and type) |
| What are the 3 Categories of LTM | Episodic, Procedural, and Semantic |
| What is Episodic LTM? | Memory of an episode or event Ex. Wedding, Prom, Child Birth |
| What is Procedural LTM? | Memories involving a procedure or action ex. swimming, writing |
| What is semantic LTM? | Memories for Facts, data basics, knowledge |
| What is the duration of LTM? | Unlimited |
| What is the Capacity for LTM? | Unlimited |
| What is Retrieval? | Remembering |
| What is recognition? | Retrieval with the help of a cue. |
| WHAT IS A CUE? | Object or event that triggers a memory Ex. Smell, Photo |
| What is recall? | Retrieval without a cue (easier to remember end and beginning) |
| What are explicit memory? | past experiences that are consciously brought to mind |
| What is an Implicit Memory? | memory not known to exist; unconsciously retrieved |
| What is state-dependent learning? | when memory retrieval is influenced by bodily state at the time of learning |
| What are the 3 special memory abilities? | Flashbulb memory, Photographic Memory, and Eidetic memory |
| What is flashbulb memory? | Memory created during times of person tragedy, accident, or other emotional significant events |
| What is Photographic memory? | Persistent mental images |
| What is Eidetic memory? | Occurs when a person (usually a child) has a visual icon clear enough to be retained for atlas 30 second |
| Who studied how, why, and what we forgot? | Herman Ebbinghaus |
| What is CURVE OF FORGETTING? | Graph that shows the amount of memory information remembered after varying lengths of time ex. BUP TIV RIJ |
| REPRESSION? | unconsciously pushing painful, embarrassing, or threatening memories out of consciousness |
| SUPRESSION? | Consciously putting something painful or threatening out of mind or trying to keep it from entering awareness |
| What is interference? | interruption that impairs retrieval |
| What is retroactive interference? | Forgetting all your old memory (long term memory) |
| What is Anterograde interference? | Forgetting all your new memory (short term memory) |
| What is amnesia? | Loss of memory |
| What is hippocampus? | Structure that passes information from the short term memory to the long term memory |
| INSINCERE MEMORY? | Pay attention |
| WHEN DOES SHORT TERM MEMORY GO TO LONG TERM MEMORY? | if you rehearse it over and over |
Created by:
marygardner
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