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integumentary defs
term/definition
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| systemic lupus erythematosus | a chronic disease of unknown origin, commonly marked by an erythematous rash on face and other areas exposed to sunlight. Involves vascular and connective tissue degeneration of many organs, resulting in multiple local and systemic manifestations. |
| bulla | a vesicle or blister larger than 1 cm in diameter |
| ichthyosis | abnormal condition of dryness or scales |
| trichomycosis | abnormal condition of hair fungus |
| onychocryptosis | abnormal condition of hidden nail |
| amastia | absence of breast |
| urticaria | allergic reaction of the skin characterized by eruption of pale red, elevated patches called wheals or hives |
| antifungals | alter the cell wall of fungi or disrupt enzyme activity, resulting in cell death |
| dermatome | an instrument to cut |
| ulcer | an open sore or lesion that extends to the dermis and usually heals with scarring |
| neoplasm | any new and abnormal growth |
| purpura | any of several bleeding disorders characterized by hemorrhage into the tissues, particularly beneath the skin or mucous membranes, producing ecchymoses or petechiae |
| allergy skin test | any test in which a suspected allergen or sensitizer is applied to or injected into the skin to determine the patient's sensitivity to it |
| impetigo | bacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture |
| hemangioma | benign tumour of dilated blood vessels |
| melanoma | black tumour |
| topical anesthetics | block sensation of pain by numbing the skin layers and mucous membranes |
| malignant | cancerous |
| chemical peel | chemical removal of the outer layers of skin to treat acne scarring and general keratosis; also called chemabrasion |
| eczema | chronic inflammatory skin condition that is characterized by erythema, papules, vesicles, pustules, scales, crusts, and scabs accompanied by intense itching (pruritis); also called atopic dermatitis |
| psoriasis | chronic skin disease characterized by circumscribed red patches covered by thick, dry, silvery, adherent scales caused by excessive development of the basal layer of the epidermis |
| albinism | congenital, non-pathological, partial or total absence of pigment in skin, hair, and eyes |
| scabies | contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite, commonly through sexual contact |
| protectives | cover, cool, dry, or sooth inflamed skin |
| integument | covering (skin) |
| eschar | dead matter that is sloughed off from the surface of the skin, especially after a burn |
| corticosteroids | decrease inflammation and itching by suppressing the immune system's inflammatory response to tissue damage |
| keratolytics | destroy and soften the outer layer of skin so that it is sloughed off or shed |
| cellulitis | diffuse (widespread), acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue |
| peau d'orange | dimpled skin resembling an orange peel |
| vesicle | elevated, circumscribed, fluid-filled lesion less than 0.5 cm in diameter |
| wheal | elevated, firm, rounded lesion with localized skin edema (swelling) that varies in size, shape, and colour; paler in the center than its surrounding edges; accompanied by itching |
| verruca | epidermal growth caused by a virus; also known as warts. Types include plantar warts, juvenile warts, and venereal warts. |
| hyperesthesia | extreme sensitivity to sensory stimuli, especially pain or touch |
| macule | flat, pigmented, circumscribed area less than 1 cm in diameter |
| Bowen disease | form of intraepidermal carcinoma characterized by red-brown scaly or crusted lesions that resemble a patch of psoriasis or dermatitis; also called Bowen precancerous dermatosis |
| synthesize | forming a complex substance by the union of simpler compounds or elements |
| timea | fungal skin infection whose name commonly indicates the body part affected; also call ringworrm |
| androgen | generic term for an agent (usually hormone, such as a testosterone and androsterone) that stimulates development of male characteristics |
| adenopathy | gland disease |
| scleroderma | hard skin |
| dermatomycosis | infection of the skin caused by fungi |
| pediculosis | infestation with lice, transmitted by personal contact or common use of brushes, combs, or headgear |
| hidradenitis | inflammation of a sweat gland |
| onychia | inflammation of the nail bed, frequently with loss of the nail |
| thelitis | inflammation of the nipple(s) |
| dermatitis | inflammation of the skin |
| pressure ulcer | inflammation, sore, or skin deterioration caused by prolonged pressure from lying in one position that prevents blood flow to the tissues, usually in elderly bedridden persons; also known as decubitus ulcer |
| acne | inflammatory disease of the sebaceous (oil) glands and hair follicles of the skin with characteristic lesions that include blackheads (comedos), inflammatory papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts; and usually associated with seborrhea; also called acne vu |
| antihistamines | inhibit allergic reactions of inflammation, redness, and itching caused by the release of histamine |
| pruritis | intense itching |
| laceration | irregular tear in the skin |
| antiparasitics | kills insect parasites, such as mites and lice |
| culture & sensitivity (C&S) | laboratory test that grows a colony of bacteria removed from an infected area (such as an ulcer, wound, or pus from an infection) in order to identify the specific infecting bacterium and then determine its sensitivity to antibiotic drugs |
| dermis | layer of skin under the epidermis, which contains living tissue, nerve endings, capillaries, and lymphatics |
| Mohs | layers of cancer-containing skin are progressively removed and examined until only cancer-free tissue remains |
| excoriations | linear scratch marks or traumatized abrasions of the epidermis |
| abscess | localized collection of pus at the sight of an infection (characteristically a staphylococcal infection) |
| vitiligo | localized loss of skin pigmentation characterized by milk-white patches |
| petechia | minute, pinpoint hemorrhage under the skin |
| gangrene | necrosis or death of tissue |
| benign | non-cancerous |
| cicatrix | normal scarring |
| epidermis | outermost layer of skin with no blood or nerve supply |
| nodule | palpable, circumscribed lesion; larger and deeper than a papule (0.6 to 2 cm); extends into the dermal area |
| alopecia | partial or complete loss of hair resulting from normal aging; an endocrine disorder, a drug reaction, anticancer medication, or a skin disease; commonly called baldness |
| subcutaneous | pertaining to under the skin |
| chloasma | pigmentary skin discolouration usually occuring in yellowish brown patches or spots |
| photodynamic therapy (PDT) | procedure in which cells selectively treated with an agent called a photo-sensitizer are exposed to light to produce a reaction that destroys the cells |
| keloid | raised firm, thickened scar that may grow for a prolonged period of time |
| erythema | redness of the skin caused by swelling of the capillaries |
| punch | removal of a small core of tissue using a hollow punch |
| needle | removal of a small tissue sample for examination using a hollow needle, usually attached to a syringe |
| shave | removal of elevated lesions using a surgical blade |
| debridement | removal of necrotized tissue from a wound by surgical excision, enzymes, or chemical agents |
| biopsy (Bx, bx) | represents tissue sample removed from a body site for microscopic examination |
| dermabrasion | rubbing (abrasion) using wire brushed or sandpaper to mechanically scrape away (abrade) the epidermis |
| crustation | scab |
| abrasion | scrape |
| ecchymosis | skin discolouration consisting of a large, irregularly formed hemorrhagic area with colours changing from blue-black to greenish brown or yellow, commonly called a bruise |
| dermatoplasty | skin grafting; repair of the skin |
| patch | skin test that identifies allergic contact dermatitis by applying a suspected allergen to a patch which is then taped on the skin, usually the forearm, and observing the area 24 hours later for an allergic response |
| scratch | skin test that identifies suspected allergens by placing a small quantity of the suspected allergen on a lightly scratched area of the skin; also called puncture or prick test |
| intradermal | skin test that identifies suspected allergens by subcutaneously injecting small amounts of extracts of the suspected allergens and observing the skin for a subsequent reaction |
| dermatotherapy | skin treatment |
| lentigo | small brown macules, especially of the face and arms, brought on by sun exposure, usually in a middle-aged or older person |
| fissure | small slit or crack-like sore that extends into the dermal layer; could be caused by continuous inflammation and drying |
| pustule | small, raised, circumscribed lesion that contains pus; usually less than 1 cm in diameter |
| onychomalacia | softening of the nail |
| tumour | solid, elevated lesion larger than 2 cm in diameter that extends into the dermal and subcutaneous laters |
| papule | solid, elevated lesion less than 1 cm in diameter that may be the same colour as the skin or pigmented |
| homeostasis | state in which the regulatory mechanisms of the body maintain an internal environment within tolerable levels, despite changes in the external environment |
| mycology | study of fungus |
| lumpectomy | surgical removal of a small breast tumour |
| pachyderma | thick skin |
| keratosis | thickened area of the epidermis or any horny growth on the skin (such as callus or wart) |
| antiseptics | topically applied agents that inhibit growth of bacteria, thus preventing infections in cuts, scratches, and surgical incisions |
| xenograft | transplantation (dermis only) from a foreign donor (usually a pig) and transferred to a human; also called heterograft |
| synthetic | transplantation of artificial skin produced from collagen fibers arranged in a lattice pattern |
| allograft | transplantation of healthy tissue from one person to another person; also called a homograft |
| autograft | transplantation of healthy tissue from one site to another site in the same individual |
| skin graft | transplantation of healthy tissue to an injured site |
| bruise/contusion | trauma with unbroken skin |
| lipoma | tumour composed of fat cells |
| comedo | typical small skin lesion of acne vulgaris caused by accumulation of keratin, bacteria, and dried sebum plugging an excretory duct of the skin |
| frozen section (FS) | ultrathin slice of tissue from a frozen specimen for immediate pathological examination |
| subungual | under the nail |
| pallor | unnatural paleness or absence of colour in the skin |
| cryosurgery | use of subfreezing temperature (commonly liquid nitrogen) to destroy or eliminate abnormal tissue, such as tumours, warts, and unwanted, cancerous, or infected tissue |
| ductule | very small duct |
| fulguration | tissue destruction by means of high-frequency electric current; also called electrodesiccation |
| congenital | noted at birth |
Created by:
meredithguy
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