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SALT 9th Science
SALT 9th Science - Chp 12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Albert Einstein | proposed the General Theory of Relativity, which contains a geometric explanation of gravity |
| Aristotle | a Greek philosopher whose often erroneous ideas about nature were accepted unquestioningly for almost 2000 years |
| Galileo Galilei | the Italian scientist who first demonstrated that the acceleration of a falling object does not depend on the mass of the object |
| Isaac Newton | the scientist who formulated the laws of motion and gravitation |
| Principia | a book written by Newton and published in 1687 that contained the laws of motion and universal gravitation |
| mechanics | the branch of physics that deals with objects in motion |
| speed | distance traveled in a given time |
| scalar quantity | a physical quantity having magnitude but not direction; an example is speed |
| velocity | the speed of an object in a particular direction |
| vector quantity | a physical quantity having both magnitude and direction; an example is velocity |
| vector | an arrow that represents the magnitude and direction of a physical quantity on a diagram |
| resultant | an arrow on a diagram that shows the combined effect of two or more vectors |
| vector addition | the process of stringing several vectors together tip to tail in order to find the resulting velocity |
| force | the pushing or pulling action of one object upon another |
| acceleration | in physics, any change in speed, in direction, or in both speed an direction |
| deceleration | negative acceleration |
| Pythagorean theorem | states that the square of the long side of a right triangle is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides |
| 1st law of motion | states that the velocity of an object does not change unless the object is acted upon by an external force; also called the law of inertia |
| inertia | the tendency of matter to resist changes in motion |
| mass | the quantity of matter an object contains |
| 2nd law of motion | states that the acceleration of an object acted upon by a force is directly related to the strength of the force and inversely related to the objects’ mass |
| newton | the SI unit of force |
| 3rd law of motion | states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction; an example would be the recoil of a rifle; forces always exist in pairs |
| momentum | “p”; the “quantity of motion” of an object, equal to the product of the object’s mass and velocity |
| law of conservation of momentum | states that in any group of objects that act upon each other, the total momentum before the interaction equals the total momentum after the interaction |
| 9.8m/s2 | “g”; the acceleration of gravity at the surface of the earth |
| law of universal gravitation | states that any two objects attract each other with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them |
| electromagnetic force | the fundamental force that affects only those particles that have an electric charge |
| gravitational force | the weakest fundamental force, and the only force that affects all types of particles |
| strong nuclear force | the strongest of the four fundamental forces; binds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus |
| weak nuclear force | the only fundamental force that strongly affects the neutrino |
| a = vf-vi / t | formula used to calculate how much an object has accelerated by comparing its initial and final velocities |
| c2 = a2 + b2 | formula used to calculate the length of the long side of a right triangle |
| d = ½gt2 | formula used to calculate how far an object will fall (because of gravity) in a given time |
| F = Gm1m2 / d2 | formula used to calculate the strength of the gravitational force that exists between two objects |
| f = ma | formula that states the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration |
| p = mv | formula used to calculate the momentum of an object |
| s = d / t | formula used to calculate the speed of an object |
Created by:
kbtarheelgirl
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