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psychology
study for midterm Chapter 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| learning | A relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience. |
| classical conditioning | A type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to bring about a response after it is paired with a stimulus that naturally brings about a response. |
| unconditioned stimulus | A stimulus that naturally brings about a particular response without having been learned. |
| unconditioned response | A response that is natural and needs no training.. |
| conditioned stimulus | A once-neutral stimulus that has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus to bring about a response formerly caused only by the unconditioned response. |
| conditioned response | A response that, after conditioning, follows a previously neutral stimulus. |
| extinction | A basic phenomenon of learning that occurs when a previously conditioned response decreases in frequency and eventually disappears. |
| spontaneous recovery | The reemergence of an extinguished conditioned response after a period of rest and with no further conditioning. |
| operant conditioning | Learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened, depending on its favorable or unfavorable consequence. |
| Thorndikes law of effect | A behavior that is rewarding and satisfying is likely to be repeated. |
| Ivan Pavlov | Used dogs in conditioning experiment. |
| BF Skinner 1937 | coined the term Operant Conditioning. |
| Primary reinforcer | Biological |
| Secondary Reinforcers | In need of a reward. |
| positive reinforcement | A stimulus added to the environment that brings about an increase in a preceding response. |
| negative reinforcement | An unpleasant stimulus whose removal leads to an increase in the probability that a preceding response will be repeated in the future. |
| punishment | A stimulus that decreases the probability that a previous behavior will occur again. |