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Genetic Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Heredity | the passing of traits from parents to offspring |
| Trait | a characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring |
| Purebred | the offspring of many generations that have the same traits |
| Hybrid | an organism that has two different alleles for a trait;an organism that is heterozygous for a particular trait |
| Offspring | the product of the reproductive process of an animal. A child |
| Gene | the set of information that controls a trait; a segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait |
| Alleles | the different forms of a gene |
| Dominant- | an allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present |
| Recessive | an allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present |
| Phenotype | an organism's physical appearance,or visible traits |
| Genotype | an organism’s genetic makeup,or allele combinations |
| Homozygous | having two identical allele for a trait |
| Heterozygous | Having two different allele for a trait |
| Codominance | a condition in which neither of two alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive |
| Meiosis | the process that occurs in the formation of sex cells(sperm and egg) by which the number of chromosome is reduced by half |
| Haploid cells | A cell that is the result of meiosis and has half the number of chromosomes as the original cell. |
| Diploid cells | A cell that is the result of mitosis and has the same number of chromosomes as the original cell. |
| Mutations | a change in a gene or chromosome |
| Insertion | something inserted |
| Deletion | where the DNA is lost during DNA replication |
| Substitution | a person or thing taking place of another |
| Sex-linked gene | a gene that is carried on the x or y chromosome |
| Carrier | a person who has one recessive allele for a trait,but does not have the trait |
| Sex chromosome | a pair of chromosome carrying genes that determine whether a person is male or female |
| Genetic disorder | an abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes |
| Pedigree | a chart or “family tree” that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait |
| Selective breeding | the process of selecting a few organisms with desired traits to serve as parents of the next generation |
| Inbreeding | a selective breeding method in which two individuals with identical or similar sets of alleles are crossed |
| Hybridization | a selective breeding method in which two genetically different individuals are crossed |
| Clone | an organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which is was produced |
| Genetic Engineering | the transfer of a gene from the DNA of one organism into another organism,in order to produce an organism with desired traits |
| Gene therapy | the insertion of working copies of a gene into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder in an attempt to correct the disorder |
| Karyotype | a picture of all the chromosomes in a cell |
| Genome | is all the DNA in one cell of an organism Genetics-the scientific study of heredity |
| Fertilization | the joining of a sperm and an egg |
| Probability | a number that describe how likely it is that an event will occur |
| Messenger RNA | RNA that copies the coded message from the DNA in the nucleus and carries the message into the cytoplasm |
| Transfer RNA | RNA in the cytoplasm that carries an amino acid to the ribosome and adds it to the growing protein chain |
| Punnett Square | a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross |
Created by:
mjohnson1219
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