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Tera's Pharm
LP8 Chapter(s) Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Explain the autonomic nervous system in 1 word: | Automatic |
| What does the CNS consist of ? | brain (brain stem) and spinal cord |
| Differences between sympathetic and parasympathetic | sympathetic = your "alert system" can quickly ready your body for emergencies. Parasympathetic = your "resting and digesting system" automatically maintains normal body functions without being aware of it. |
| what is your "alert system" also called? | sympathetic |
| what is your "resting and digesting system" also called? | parasympathetic |
| what are the four categories that can affect the ANS? | -adrenergics, adrenergic blockers, cholinergics, cholinergic blockers |
| what do adrenergics do? | mimic sympathetic responses |
| what do adrenergic blockers do? | block sympathetic responses |
| what is another name for adrenergic drugs? | sympathomimetic |
| what are the most commonly used drug subcategories of adrenergic blockers? | alpha-blockers and beta-blockers |
| what do cholinergics do? | mimic parasympathetic responses |
| what is another name for cholinergics? | parasympathomimetic |
| what do cholinergic blockers do? | block parasympathetic responses |
| what is another name for cholinergic blockers? | anticholinergic |
| what are the chemical substances called that are released at the nerve endings? | neurotransmitters |
| what are the uses of adrenergic blockers? | -hypertension, -cardiac arrhythmias, -angina pectoris, -migraine headaches, -tremors |
| what are adrenergics used for? | -restoring rhythm in cardiac arrest, -elevating blood pressure in shock, -constricting capillaries, -dilating bronchioles in acute asthma attacks, bronchospasm, or anaphylactic reaction, -ophthalmic procedures |
| what are the main actions of cholinergic drugs? | -increase fluid flow, -increase peristalsis/bladder contraction, -increase muscle strength |
| what medication is used in cardiac arrest and anaphylaxis? | epinephrine (Adrenalin or Epipen) |
| how is epinephrine generally administered? | as an injection (subQ, IM or IV) |
| what cholinergic blocker is used for bradycardia? | atropine |
| define antidepressant | medication used to treat patients with various types of depression; sometimes called mood elevators |
| define anxiolytic | antianxiety medication (tranquilizer used for the short-term treatment of anxiety disorders, neurosis, some psychosomatic disorders, and insomnia |
| define antimanic | medication used to treat bipolar (sometimes called manic depression) |
| define antipsychotic | major tranquilizers used to relieve the symptoms of psychoses or severe neuroses; sometimes called neuroleptics |
| what is the main medication used to treat bipolar? | lithium |
| what are four different medications used to treat ADHD? | Adderall, Vyvanse, Ritalin and Strattera |
| what medication is used to treat narcolepsy? | Provigil |
| what are the 5 major categories of antidepressants? | -Tricyclic, -MAOIs, -SSRIs, -SNRIs, -Heterocyclic |
| what does MAOI stand for? | monamine oxidase inhibitors |
| what does SSRI stand for? | selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors |
| what does SNRI stand for? | selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors |
| which category of antidepressant is most widely prescribed? | SSRIs |
| list the 5 medications in the SSRI category: | -citalopram (Celexa), -escitalopram (Lexapro), -fluoxetine (Prozac), -paroxetine (Paxil), -sertraline (Zoloft) |
| which category of antidepressants has life-threatening food and drug interactions? | MAOIs |
| list 5 medications in the tricyclic category: | -amitriptyline (Elavil), -desipramine (Norpramin), -doxepin (Sinequan), -imipramine (Tofranil), -nortriptyline (Pamelor) |
| which antidepressants are also used for chronic pain patients? | duloxetine and venlafaxine |
| what are the four major antimanic medications? | -lithium (Lithobid), -carbamazepine (Tegretol), -lamotrigine (Lamictal), -valproate (Depakene) |
| name a medication used preop of for short term procedures? | diazepam (Valium) |
| what is Compazine prescribed for? | Primarily for nausea and vomiting, also for agitation |
| what disease is Abilify and Haldol prescribed for? | schizophrenia |
| what condition are Donepezil and Namenda prescribed for? | Alzheimer's disease |
| what two medications are typically used for RLS? | pramipexole (Mirapex), ropinirole (Requip), rotigotine (Neupro) |
| ANS stands for? | autonomic nervous system |
| ANS means "involuntary", what two categories are involved in this system? | sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| what do neurotransmitters do? | send impulses to surrounding tissue or glands |
| what do adrenergics do to the body? | increase blood pressure, pulse and respirations, constricts peripheral blood vessels |
| what effect does ephedrine have on the body? | increases blood pressure |
| what is norepinephrine (Levophed) used for? | hypotension and shock |
| what effect does dopamine have on the body? | Increases blood pressure |
| T or F: If the clear window on an Epipen is obstructed, you can still use the product. | False |
| T or F: Epipens can go through clothing if needed | True |
| what effects do adrenergic blockers have on the body? | decrease pulse, slightly decrease bp, causes vasodilation, reduces cardiac output by decreasing heart rate and force of concentration. |
| what is the adrenergic blocker drug propranolol (Inderal) mainly used for? | headaches/migraines |
| what are some of the other uses of propranolol (Inderal)? | angina, arrhythmias |
| what is the adrenergic blocker drug metoprolol (Toprol XL) used for? | arrhythmias, angina, and hypertension |
| what is the adrenergic blocker drug carvediolol (Coreg) used for? | arrhythmias, hypertension, and congestive heart failure. |
| what is the adrenergic blocker Timolol used for? | glaucoma |
| what are the adrenergic blocker drugs that end in -zosin used for? | HTN and BPH |
| what do alpha-blockers affect? | vascular smooth muscle |
| what affect do cholinergics have on the body? | increase fluid flow, increase peristalsis/bladder contraction, increase muscle strength, decreases respirations, decreases IOP |
| cholinergics release what? | acetylcholine |
| what is the cholinergic drug bethanechol (Urecholine) used for? | urinary retention |
| what is the cholinergic drug pilocarpine (Isopto carpine) used for? | glaucoma |
| what affect do cholinergic blockers have on the body? | decrease GI motility, dilate pupils, increase heart rate |
| what is the main medication used in the cholinergic blocker category? | atropine |
| what is the cholinergic drug atropine used for? | bradycardia, AV block, and pre-op |
| what is the cholinergic drug scopolamine (Transderm-scop) used for? | motion sickness |
| what is the cholinergic drug Donnatal used for? | IBS |
| what do psychotropic drugs have an effect on? | behavior, mental processes, and emotions |
| what are the 5 classes of psychotropic drugs? | CNS stimulants, antidepressants, anxiolytic, antimanic, antipsychotic |
| what is the cns stimulant caffeine citrate (Cafcit) used for? | neonatal apnea |
| what is the cns stimulant drug NoDoz used for? | promote wakefulness |
| what is the cns stimulant amphetamine mixtures (Adderall) used for? | ADHD |
| what is the cns stimulant methylphenidate (Ritalin, Metadate ER, Concerta) used for? | ADHD |
| what is the cns stimulant modafinil (Provigil) used for? | narcolepsy |
| what is the name of a nonstimulant ADHD medication that is noncontrolled and also an SSRI? | atomoxetine (Strattera) |
| what is the suspected reason for depression, and what are some of the chemicals involved? | chemical imbalances in the brain, -Dopamine, -Serotonin, -Norepinephrine |
| which antidepressant category is the first line pick and also should not be used with antacids? | SSRIs |
| what antidepressant is also used for chronic pain? | Cymbalta |
| what was the first class created in antidepressants? | tricyclics |
| Why are MAOIs not widely prescribed? | There are many side effects and contraindications with foods and drugs |
| what are SNRIs used for? | depression and chronic pain |
| what is the heterocyclic drug mirtazapine (Remeron) used for? | anxiety and depression |
| what is the heterocyclic drug Trazodone used for? | depression, mainly used in cases of severe pain. *Highly sedating* |
| what do antimanic agents need to be monitored with? | Blood serum and EKGs |
| Lithium has many unwanted effects such as: | hypothyroidism, cardiac arrhythmias, urine retention, tremors *toxicity can occur >2.0 mEq/mL |
| What tests need to be run with Lithium? | TSH,CMP, EKG |
| what is the main category of anxiolytics? | benzodiazepines |
| what do benzodiazepines treat? | anxiety disorders, insomnia, alcohol withdrall |
| what is the most common antianxiety med? | alprazolam (Xanax) |
| what is the antianxiety med lorazepam (Ativan) used for? | agitation disorders |
| what is the antianxiety med midazolam (Versed) used for? | pre-op sedation |
| what is the antianxiety med buspirone (BuSpar) used for? | anxiety *non-sedative effect |
| what are antipsychotic drugs used for? | relieving psychoses, nausea and vomiting |
| many psychotic conditions have an excess of dopamine, so how do antipsychotic drugs work? | By blocking dopamine receptors |
| what are the three categories of antipsychotic drugs? | phenothiazines, butyrophenone, atypical |
| what is the most common drug of the phenothiazines? | chlorpromazine (Thorazine) *has many roles* |
| the antipsychotic drug, haloperidol (Haldol), treats what? | schizophrenia, agitation, delusions |
| what does the atypical antipsychotics drug aripiprazole(Abilify) treat? | schizophrenia |
| what does the atypical antipsychotics drug quetiapine (Seroquel) treat? | acute mania, bipolar |
| what does the atypical antipsychotics drug risperidone (Risperdal) treat? | schizophrenia, bipolar |
| what deficiency causes Parkinson's? | lack of dopamine |
| what are anticonvulsants used for? | to reduce the amount and severity of severity of seizures in patients with epilepsy |
| how many classes are there for anticonvulsants, and what are they? | two, first generation and second generation |
| what is the 2nd generation anticonvulsant drug gabapentin (Neurontin) also used for? | neuralgia |
| what is the 2nd generation anticonvulsant drug lamotrigine (Lamictal) also used for? | bipolar disorder |
| what is the 2nd generation anticonvulsant drug topiramate (Topamax) also used for? | migraines |
| what is the main antiparkinson drug used for dopamine replacement? | Carbidopa-Levodopa (Sinemet) |
| what are two antiparkinson drugs that are dopamine agonists? | Mirapex, Requip |
| what is used for an aniparkinson drug when Sinemet is less effective? | Selegiline or Azilect~both are MAO-B inhibitors |
| what anticholinergic agent helps with tremors associated with parkinson's? | Cogentin |
| What antiparkinson drug alters dopamine release? | Amantadine |
| What types of antiparkinson drugs increase concentration of levodopa and dopamine? | COMT inhibitors |
| patient education with 2nd generation anticonvulsants | patients wear medical bracelets, need to keep good oral hygiene and brush carefully, and take med with food/milk. |
| What are some medications used for RLS? | Mirapex, Requip, Neupro patch, gabapentin *take 1-3 hrs prior to bedtime |
| what are the two categories of alzheimer's disease? | cholinesterase, NMDA receptor antagonists |
| what is an example of a alzheimer drug in the cholinesterase category? | donepezil (Aricept) |
| what is an example of a alzheimer drug in the NMDA receptor antagonist category? | memantine (Namenda) |
Created by:
JenSaw77
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