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Map & Air Photo
Test One
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What shape is the Earth? | Geoid |
| What's an ellipsoid? | the mathematical representation of the geoid; the smoothing out of the geoid |
| Going from general to specific, what shape is the Earth? | Sphere - Oblate Spheroid - Ellipsoid - Geoid |
| The grid on the face of the earth formed by the lines of latitude and longitude is called what? | graticule |
| Why does the Earth have poles? | Earth rotates. |
| What is another word for lines of latitude? | parallels |
| What is another word for lines of longitude? | meridians |
| Latitude's range | 0 to 90 |
| Longitude's range | 0 to 180 |
| What is 0 degrees in latitude? longitude? | equator; prime meridian |
| Which town does the Prime Meridian pass through? | Greenwich, England |
| Who first divided a circle into 360 degrees? | Hipparchus |
| Every degree can be divided into ___ minutes. | 60 |
| Every minute can be divided into ___ seconds. | 60 |
| Which is given first; latitude or longitude? | latitude |
| True east-west lines that measure north-south location. | parallels/lines of latitude |
| True north-south lines that measure east-west location. | meridians/lines of longitude |
| Everywhere, equally spaced | parallels/lines of latitude |
| converge toward the poles | meridians/lines of longitude |
| intersect at right angle; an infinite amount can be drawn | both parallels/lines of latitude & meridians/lines of longitude |
| 1 degree latitude = ? statute miles = ? nautical miles = ? km | 70 statute miles; 60 nautical miles, 110 km |
| 1 minute latitude = ? nautical miles | 1 nautical mile |
| 1 degree longitude = depends on the location on Earth. At equator? At poles? | 70 statute miles; 0 statute miles |
| Where did Ptolemy have his Prime Meridian? | It ran through the Canary Isles |
| What five cities in America has the Prime Meridian run through? | Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, Charleston, NC |
| What year was the Greenwich Meridian chosen? | 1884 |
| Why was the Greenwich Meridian chosen? (3) | 1. They had a world-famous observatory. 2. Great Britain was the strongest world power. 3. Placed the International Date Line in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. |
| 60N, 30E | St. Petersburg, Russia |
| 30N, 30E | Cairo, Egypt |
| 23.5S, 40W | Rio de Janeiro |
| 30N, 90W | New Orleans |
| 35S, 20E | Cape Town, South Africa |
| 0, 100E | Singapore |
| 20N, 160W | Hawaii |
| St. Petersburg, Russia | 60N, 30E |
| Cairo, Egypt | 30N, 30E |
| Rio de Janeiro | 23.5S, 40W |
| New Orleans | 30N, 90W |
| Cape Town, South Africa | 35S, 20E |
| Singapore | 0, 100E |
| Hawaii | 20N, 160W |
| When is the sun at its highest? | Summer Solstice |
| Who discovered the Earth's circumference? | Eratosthenes |
| What is the Earth's circumference? | 25,000 miles |
| In Ptolemy's book there are two mistakes. | 1. The world circumference is too small. 2. Asia's width is too large. |
| Time is based on ___ ___ ___ for the ___ ___ of that time zone. | mean solar time; central meridian |
| Time is different in Newfoundland by how much? | half an hour |
| The date changes whenever you cross either of these. | International Date Line or local midnight |
| What does AM mean? | Ante Meridiem - "before noon" |
| What does PM mean? | Post Meridiem - "after noon" |
| what did many ancients think the world was like? | a central landmass surrounded by an ocean |
| What is the T&O map? | a depiction of a world map that shows Europe, Asia and Africa within a circle, separated by a 'T' |
| In a T&O map, what does T stand for? O? | T stood for the waterways which separated the continents (Mediterranean Sea, Nile River, & Don River). O stood for the world-encircling ocean. |
| The T&O map had biblical meaning. What was it? | The circle with the three continents inside resembled the Holy Trinity. The center of the 'T' was symbolic of Jerusalem. |
| Moslem tradition emphasized three things. | Style, symbolism, and symmetry |
| What is an astrolabe? | the predecessor to the sextant; an ancient navigation instrument |
| What did Polynesians learn to observe to locate islands? | wave patterns |
| What is Behaim? | the world's oldest surviving European globe; made before Columbus' voyage |
| What map showed the Viking's discoveries in North America? | Vineland Map |
| Which map turned out to be a fraud? | the Vineland Map |
| What was California once shown as? | an island |
| What is a chronometer? | the first time piece accurate enough to tell time at sea |
| What was the first time piece accurate enough to tell time at sea? | a chronometer |
| What is the shortest distance between two points? | a great circle path |
| What is a great circle? | any circle that cuts the Earth into two EQUAL parts |
| What is a small circle? | any circle that cuts the Earth into two UNEQUAL parts |
| Maps can distort: (4) | distance, direction, shape, & area |
| What map keeps constant area? | Equal Area/Equivalent |
| What map keeps constant shape? | Conformal |
| Name the three developable surfaces. | planar/azimuthal, cylindrical, conic |
| How does each developable surface touch the earth? | planar/azimuthal - one point; cylindrical - along a line (most often along the equator); conic - along a line (most often along the mid-latitudes) |
| What is the difference between tangent projections and secant projections? | tangent projections touch the globe at the surface; secant projections slice through the globe |
| What is a Gnomic projection? | planar projection with the "light source" at the center of the Earth |
| What is a Polyconic projection? | conic projection that uses many cones to compile a more accurate maps. |
| What is a rhumb line? | a line of constant direction |
| Which map uses triangles to show the surface of the Earth? | Fuller's Projection |
| Which projection is the only one of its kind, due to the fact that any line you draw on it is a rhumb line? | Mercator's Projection |
| What are Metes and Bounds? | a system that uses physical objects in the environment as boundaries (i.e. trees, rocks, etc.) |
| What are French Long/Farm Lots? | long, narrow lots on either side of a waterway, placed in such a way that every lot has access to the water |
| Within the Township/Range system, what is the primary east-west line called? The primary north-west line? The point of contact? | base line; principal meridian; initial point |
| Within the Township/Range system, what are east-west lines known as? North-west lines? How far apart are these lines from their own kind? | township lines; range lines; 6 miles |
| Who was the brain behind the Township/Range system? | Thomas Jefferson |
| How many acres are in a square mile? | 640 acres |
| How many acres are in a hectare? | 2.5 acres |
| What are the four errors in the Township/Range system? | 1. Curvature of the Earth 2. Imprecise measurements 3. Human error 4. Fraud |
| Which direction is the arrow pointing? --> | east |
| Which direction in the arrow pointing? <-- | west |
| What is scale? | the relationship between the distance on the map and the distance on the ground |
| Why can't you use bar scales on world maps? | Distance becomes distorted at different latitudes. |
| What is a representative fraction (RF)? | a dimensionless ratio, independent of any unit of measurement |
| A large scale map shows more/less detail. | more |
| A large scale map shows more/less detail. | less |
| The smaller the number the larger the scale or the smaller the scale? | larger |
| How many inches in a mile? How many military inches in a mile? | 63,360; 62,500 |
| What is black used for on maps? | houses, cultural features, and some boundaries |
| What is blue used for on maps? | water |
| What is green used for on maps? | vegetation |
| What is red used for on maps? | some roads, survey boundaries, and section numbers |
| What is pink used for on maps? | built-up areas (very urbanized) |
| What is purple used for on maps? | photo-revisions; not field checked |
Created by:
stoniertk28
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