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Sociology Intro 1
Intro to Soc. - Ch 1 - The Sociological Perspective
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Symbolic Interaction | The interaction that takes place between people or with an object through symbols. |
| Survey | A method of systematically obtaining standardized information about characteristics of a population or the way people think or behave, using interviews or questionnaires. |
| Correlation | A relationship between variables that occurs regularly. |
| Interview | The questioning of a research subject in order to obtain desired information. |
| Latent Function | Unintended or unconscious functions or consequences |
| Macrosociology | Investigation which concentrates on large-scale phenomena or entire civilizations. |
| Manifest Function | A consequence or function that is obvious, intended or conscious. |
| Microsociology | Investigation which stresses the study of small groups and often uses laboratory experimental studies. |
| Natural Sciences | Disciplines that study physical (chemistry, physics, geology, astronomy) or biological (biology, zoology) phenomena. |
| Bias | The often unconscious tendency to interpret information according to one's own values. |
| Case Study | A complete and detailed record of an event, group or social process. |
| Conflict Perspective | A sociological approach that focuses on tension, competition and change amongst groups as a permanent feature of society. |
| Content Analysis | The systematic coding and objective recording of data, guided by some rationale. |
| Ideal Type | A construct or model that serves as a measuring rod against which actual cases may be evaluated. |
| Independent Variable | The variable in a causal relationship which influences or causes a second variable. |
| Interactionist Perspective | A sociological approach that focuses on the way people act toward, respond to and influence one another. |
| Operational Definition | A definition that states a variable in terms that can be measured. |
| Participant Observation | A method in which the researcher becomes directly involved in the behavior under study. |
| Questionnaire | A research instrument consisting of a series of questions employed to obtain desired information from a research subject. |
| Social Psychology | The study of how personality and behavior are influenced by the social context. |
| Sociological Imagination | An awareness of the relationship between an individual and the wider society. |
| Sociology | The scientific study of human groups and social behavior. |
| Spurious Correlation | A relationship between variables that is merely coincidental and not indicative of a causal relationship. |
| Structure | A set of interrelated components which contribute to the maintenance of a system. |
| Social Sciences | Disciplines that study various aspects of human behavior, such as sociology, psychology, anthropology, political science and economics. |
| Hypothesis | A speculative statement about the relationship between variables. |
| Hawthorne Effect | The unintended influence that observers or experiments themselves can have on their subjects. |
| Random Sample | A sample for which every member of the population under study has the same chance of being selected. |
| Respondent | A research subject who participates in a survey. |
| Research Design | A detailed plan for the scientific collection and analysis of data. |
| Sample | A small number of individuals selected as research subjects, drawn from a larger population. |
| Science | A body of knowledge obtained by logical, systematic methods of study. |
| Scientific Method | A systematic, organized series of seven steps that ensure maximum objectivity and consistency in researching a problem or hypothesis. |
| Secondary Analysis | A variety of research techniques that make use of publicly accessible information and data. |
| Nonverbal Communication | The sending of messages through the use of body language, facial expressions and gestures. |
| Objectivity | Interpretation that eliminates the influence of personal values. |
| Value Judgement | An opinion based on personal values or biases. |
| Cultural Anthropology | The study of the ways of life of other people, particularly small-scale, traditional societies. |
| Dependent Variable | The variable in a causal relationship that is affected by another variable. |
| Detached Observation | A method in which the researcher remains as aloof as possible. |
| Dramaturgical Approach | A view of social interaction popularized by Erving Goffman, under which people are examined as if they were theatrical performers. |
| Dysfunction | A negative element or process that may disrupt a social system or lead to a decrease in stability. |
| Experiment | A method for studying the relationships between variables under carefully controlled conditions. |
| Experimental Group | Subjects in an experiment who are exposed to an independent variable by a researcher. |
| Function | A positive consequence for a whole social system. |
| Theory | A statement that organizes a set of concepts in a meaningful way by explaining the relationship among them. |
| Theoretical Perspective | A broad assumption about society and social behavior that provides a point of view for the study of specific problems. |
| Value Neutrality | Max Weber's term for the absence of biases or personal values in the interpretation of data. |
| Controls | Ways of excluding the possibility that some other factors might be influencing the relationship between research variables. |
| Control Group | Subjects in an experiment who are exposed to all experimental conditions except the independent variable. |
| Variable | A measurable trait or characteristic that can change or differ. |
| Verstehen | The German word for "understanding" or "insight"- used by Max Weber to stress the need for sociologists to take into account people's emotions, thoughts, beliefs and attitudes. |
| Functionalist Perspective | A sociological approach that focuses on the way various parts of society have functions that maintain its stability. |
| Generalization | Statements that apply not just to a specific case, but to most cases of the same type. |
| Observation | A research technique in which an investigator collects information through direct participation and/or observation of a group/tribe/community. |
| Symbol | Anything that can meaningfully represent something else. |
Created by:
jpkaylynn
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