Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
MrsVanDyke Chapter 5
Learning
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Learning | Lasting change in behavior or mental processes that result from experience |
| Habituation | Learning not to respond to the repeated presentation of a stimulus |
| Mere Exposure Effect | A learned preference for stimuli to which we have been previously exposed |
| Behavioral Learning | Forms of learning, such as classical conditioning and operant conditioning, that can be described in terms of stimuli and responses |
| Classical Conditioning | A form of behavioral learning in which a previous neutral stimulus acquires the power to elicit the same innate reflex produced by another stimulus |
| Neutral Stimulus | Any stimulus that produces no conditioned response prior to learning |
| Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) | In classical conditioning, the stimulus that elicits an unconditioned response |
| Unconditioned Response (UCR) | In classical conditioning, the response elicited by an unconditional stimulus without prior learning |
| Acquisition | The initial learning stage in classical conditioning, during which the conditioned response comes to be elicited by the conditioned stimulus |
| Conditioned Stimulus (CS) | In classical conditioning, a previously neutral stimulus that comes to elicit the conditioned response |
| Conditioned Response (CR) | In classical conditioning, a response elicited by a previously neutral stimulus that has become associated with the unconditioned stimulus |
| Extinction | The weakening of a conditioned response in the absene of an unconditioned stimulus |
| Spontaneous Recovery | The reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after a time delay |
| Stimulus Generalization | The extension of a learned response to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus |
| Stimulus Discrimination | A change in responses to one stimulus but not to stimuli that are similar |
| Experimental Neurosis | a pattern of erratic behavior resulting from a demanding discrimination learning task, typically one that involves aversive stimuli |
| Taste-Aversion Learning | A biological tendency in which an organism learns, after a single experience, to avid a food with a certain taste, if eating it is followed by illness |
| Operant Conditioning | Form of behavioral learning in which the probability of a response is changed by its consequences--that is, by the stimuli that follow the response |
| Law of Effect | The idea that responses that produced desirable results would be learned, or "stamped" into the organism |
| Reinforcer | Condition that occurs after a response and strenghtens that response |
| Positive Reinforcement | Stimulus presented after a response and increasing the probability of that response happening again |
| Negative Reinforcement | Removal of an unpleasant or aversive stimulus, contingent on a particular behavior |
| Reinforcement Contingencies | Relationships between a response and the changes in stimulation that follow the response |
| Shaping | Operant learning technique in which a new behavior is produced by reinforcing responses that are similar to the desired response |
| Intermittent Reinforcement | Type of reinforcement schedule by which some, but not all, correct responses are reinforced |
| Extinction | A process by which a response that has been learned is weakened by the absence or removal of reinforcement |
| Schedules of Reinforcement | Programs specifying the frequency and timing of reinforcements |
| Ration Schedule | Program by which reinforcement depends on the number of correct responses |
| Interval Schedule | Program by which reinforcement depends on the time interval elapsed since the last reinforcement |
| Fixed Ratio (FR) Schedules | Programs by which reinforcement is contingent on a certain, unvarying number of responses |
| Variable Ration (VR) Schedules | Programs by which the number of responses required for a reinforcement varies from trial to trial |
| Fixed Interval (FI) Schedules | Programs by which reinforcement is contingent on certain, fixed time periods |
| Variable Interval (VI) Schedules | Programs by which the time period between reinforcements varies from trial to trial |
| Primary Reinforcers | Reinforcers, such as food and sex, that have an innate basis because of their biological value to an organism |
| Secondary Reinforcers (Conditioned Reinforcers) | Stimuli, such as money or tokens, that acquire their reinforcing power by a learned association with primary reinforcers |
| Token Economy | Therapeutic method, based on operant conditioning, by which individuals are rewarded with tokens, which act as secondary reinforcers. The tokens can be redeemed for a variety of rewards and privileges |
| Premack Principle | Concept developed by David Premack, that a more-preferred activity can be used to reinforce a less-preferred activity |
| Punishment | An aversive stimulus which, occurring after a response, diminishes the strength of that response |
| Positive Punishment | Application of an aversive stimulus after a response |
| Negative Punishment (Ommission Training) | Removal of an appetitive stimulus after a response, leading to a decrease in behavior |
| Insight Learning | Form of cognitive learning, originally describe by the Gestalt psychologists, in which problem solving occurs by means of sudden reorganization of perceptions |
| Cognitive Map |
Created by:
MrsVanDyke
Popular Psychology sets