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Chapter Fourteen
Comparative Psychology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Proto-hominoids separated from the ancestral stock of primates about _____ million years ago. | six |
| Studies of the linguistic capabilities of chimpanzees indicate they lack the vocal apparatus to form _____. They are capable of associating symbols and _____ and limited sign _____. | words, objects, language |
| Intensive training is needed for chimpanzees to learn but human infants learn _____. | spontaneously |
| The gene that is critical to communication across species is the _____. | FOXP2 |
| The gene controlling speech was discovered by noting an allele in a human family in Britain with severe speech _____. | defects |
| FOXP2 interacts with a variety of genes controlling the development of the _____ circuits necessary for speech. | neural |
| Broca’s area in the brain controls _____ but _____ area controls speech comprehension. | speech, Wernicke’s |
| Understanding spoken language is not entirely auditory bur relies on lip _____. | reading |
| Dialects allow us to identify group _____. | membership |
| Humans tend to imitate dialects indicating a strong desire for _____. | affiliation |
| Geoffrey Miller proposed that the adaptive value of speech is verbal _____. | courtship |
| Research shows that women rate men with higher verbal I.Q.’s as more _____ attractive indicating a possible role in mate selection. | sexually |
| Women are typical female _____ producing eggs, nurturing embryos, and providing milk for newborns. | mammals |
| The two factors females use for mate choice are the quality of the male’s _____ and the ability to provide _____ for offspring. | genes, resources |
| Physical choice factors for women include facial symmetry, a muscular upper body, and a deep voice because these indicate good _____. | health |
| Being a good provider is relevant to mate selection both in hunting and industrial cultures because wealth influences _____ _____. | reproductive success |
| If wealth and the capacity to provide for offspring are features women prefer in mates, the age of preferred males should be when men are in their _____. | thirties |
| When attractiveness of males is compared with the male’s capability as a provider, females rate _____ over at _____. | providers, attractiveness |
| The interest of women in men with wealth and status is not due to the comparative non-competiveness of women in the workplace. Well-to-do female undergraduates prefer _____ men as mates. | wealthy |
| Women’s selection of suitable mates is based on their self-perceived _____ value. | market |
| The importance of wealth in attracting women was proven in a Canadian study of single men based on their reported _____ success. | copulatory |
| The standards of beauty normally held for Western women, hour-glass figure, full-lips, medium weight, and large breasts are actually indicators of _____. | fertility |
| Data suggest that men can sense when women are _____ and likely to become pregnant. | ovulating |
| Cues to ovulation appear in women’s faces and body _____. | odor |
| Ovulating lap dancers in strip clubs received _____ tips over women on the bill and their normal tip rate when not ovulating. | double |
| Women’s ratings of the attractiveness of men’s faces vary with the menstrual cycle. Prepubescent girls and post-_____ women do not show preferences for facial symmetry in men as do fertile females. | menopausal |
| The MHC gene relates to _____ system health. Women are able to sense a difference in the makeup of their MHC structure and that of a potential partner by the sense of _____. | Immune, smell |
| Males seek to copulate with many females. What percentage of pre-industrial societies permitted polygamy? | 83 |
| Extra-marital affairs are threatening because illegitimate offspring lead to the diversion of _____ from the primary partner. | resources |
| The male appetite for sexual diversity is currently satisfied through extra-marital affairs, _____ and _____. | prostitution, pornography |
| Because prostitution and pornography do not end in reproductive success, they are _____ from an evolutionary perspective. | maladaptive |
| Surveys suggest men are willing to copulate with women just after knowing her for _____ hour. | one |
| In general, men _____ their attractiveness to women. | misinterpret |
| Men frequently worry about their wife’s fidelity and continually appraise the _____ of their children’s appearance to their own. | similarity |
| Suspicion of lost paternity may explain the fact that pregnant women in the U.S. are at _____ the risk of domestic assault as non-pregnant women. | twice |
| Susan Brownhill proposed that rapists are acting on the behalf of all men trying to keep women in their _____.by intimidation. | place |
| If the subjugation hypothesis is true, rapists should target older, wealthier women and not women with a modal age of _____. | 22 |
| If violence was the object of the rapist’s attack, the distribution of women’s ages should follow that of other violent _____. | crimes |
| The Thornhill’s have proposed that rape is a desperate attempt by the rapist to pass on his _____. | DNA |
| Our behavior can be strongly influenced by adaptations which may have been useful in the past, but are no longer so. Examples provided by the author consisted of applications of evolutionary theory to child abuse, overpopulation, consumption, and _____. | tribalism |
| Evolutionary explanations of behavior are referred to as _____. | sociobiology |
| Evolutionary approaches are currently incorporated into anthropology, psychology, and behavioral _____. | ecology |
| Although major criticisms were directed at evolutionary thinking when it was reintroduced into the social and behavioral sciences in in _____, such criticisms still occur. | 1975 |
| One major criticism is that evolutionary thinking promotes social injustice and _____. | inequality |
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