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Chapter 6
Studying The Brain
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Central Nervous System (CNS) | The brain and spinal cord |
| Spinal Cord | Nerves that run up and down the length of the back and transmit most messages between the body and the brain |
| Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) | Nerves branching out from the spinal cord |
| Neurons | The long, thin cells of nerve tissue along which messages travel to and from the brain |
| Synapse | The gap that exist between individual nerve cells |
| Neurotransmitters | The chemicals released by neurons, which determine the rate at which neurons fire |
| Somatic Nervous System (SNS) | The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls voluntary movement of the skeletal muscles |
| Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) | The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls internal biological functions |
| Hindbrain | A part of the brain located at the rear base of the skull that is involved in the basic process of life |
| Midbrain | A small part of the brain above the pons that integrates sensory information and relays it upward |
| Forebrain | A part of the brain that convers the brain's central core |
| Lobes | The different regions into which the cerebral cortex is divided |
| Electroencephalograph (EEG) | A machine used to record the electrical activity of large portions of the brain |
| Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT) | An imaging technique used to study the brain to pinpoint injuries and brain deterioration |
| Positron Emission Tomography (PET) | An imaging technique used to see which brain areas are being activated while performing task |
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) | An imaging technique used to study brain structure and activity |
| Endocrine System | A chemical communication system, using hormones, by which messages are sent through the blood stream |
| Hormones | Chemical substances that carry messages through the body in blood |
| Pituitary Gland | The center of control of the endocrine system that secretes a large number of hormones |
| Heredity | The genetic transmission of characteristics from parents to their offspring |
| Identical Twins | Twins who come from one fertilized egg; twins having the same heredity |
| Genes | The basic building blocks of heredity |
| Fraternal Twins | Twins who come from two different eggs fertilized by two different sperm |
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hollha78
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