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Unit 3
General Psychology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| psychopathology | study of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders; also abnormal or maladaptive behaviors |
| social non-conformity | failure to confirm to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social conduct |
| maladaptive behavior | behavior arising from an underlying psychological or biological dysfunction that makes it difficult to adapt to the environment and meet the demands of day to day life |
| insanity | legally an inability to manage one's affairs or to be aware of the consequences of ones actions- know the difference between right and wrong |
| mental disorder | significant impairment in psychological functioning |
| psychotic disorder | severe psychological disorder characterized by a retreat from reality, by hallucinations and delusions and by social withdrawal |
| organic mental disorders | mental problem caused by brain diseases or injuries. |
| substance related disorders | major disturbance in mood or emotion. may be manic (agitated), euphoric, hyperactive, or depressed |
| anxiety disorders | feelings of fear, apprehension, or anxiety. |
| somatoform disorders | physical symptoms that mimic disease or injury. no physical cause |
| dissociative disorders | temp. amnesia, multi personality, or depersonalization |
| DSM | classification system to identify psych. disorders. 230 disorders in 17 categories. |
| delusions | false belief held against all contrary evidence |
| hallucinations | imaginary sensation |
| paranoid psychosis | delusional disorder centered on delusions of persecution |
| client centered therapy | outgrowth of the humanistic theory |
| unconditional positive regard therapy | unshakable personal acceptance of another person |
| empathy | capacity for taking anothers point of view-feel what another is feeling |
| existential therapy | victor frankl - elemental problems of existence (death, meaning) - free will |
| gestalt therapy | fritz perl - immediate experiences and awareness to help clients rebuild |
| cognitive therapy | changing maladaptive thoughts. effective with depressed patients |
| rational emotive therapy (REBT) | irrational beliefs cause emotional problems |
| irrational assumption | unrealistic belief that leads to emotional upsets and maladaptive behavior |
| behavior therapy | actively change behavior. people have learned to be the way they are |
| behavior modifications | learning principles to change human behavior |
| aversion therapy | suppressing an undesirable response by associating it with aversive (painful) stimuli |
| systematic desensitization | reduction in fear, anxiety, or aversion brought by planned exposure to aversive stimuli |
| schizophrenia | delusions, hallucinations, and apathy. "split" between thought and emotion |
| major mood disorder | lasting extremes of mood or emotion and sometimes accompanied by psychotic symptoms |
| bipolar | emotional disorders involving both depression and mania or hypomania |
| adjustment disorder | emotional disturbance caused by ongoing stressors. ordinary life stresses push people beyond their ability to cope |
| generalized anxiety | chronic state of tension and worries. at least 6 months of unrealistic or excessive anxiety and worry |
| panic disorder (w/ agoraphobia) | chronic state of anxiety and brief moments of sudden panic |
| specific phobia | intense, irrational fear of specifics |
| social phobias | intense, irrational fear of being observed in social situations |
| OCD | extreme preoccupation with certain thoughts and compulsive performance of certain behaviors |
| obsessions | images or thoughts that force their way into awareness against a person's will |
| compulsions | irrational acts that a person feels drawn to repeat |
| PTSD | psychotic disturbance lasting more than one month following stresses that would produce anxiety in anyone |
| dissociative disorder | presence of 2 or more personalities (multi personality) |
| antisocial personality | lacks a conscience, emotionally shallow, impulsive, selfish, manipulative (psycho/sociopath) |
| psychotherapy | any psych. technique used to facilitate positive changes in a person's personality, behavior, or adjustment |
| psychoanalysis | Freudian therapy that emphasizes the use of free association, dream interpretation, resistances, and transference to uncover unconscience conflicts |
| free association | technique of having a client say anything that comes to mind |
| insight therapy | goal to lead clients to deeper understanding of their thoughts, emotions, and behavior |
| action therapy | designed to bring about direct changes in troublesome thoughts, habits, feelings, or behaviors without seeking insight |
| non-directive therapy | clients assume responsibility for solving their own problems |
| directive therapy | therapist provides strong guidance |
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