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Stack #198507
Question | Answer |
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Primary purpose for the Woodcock reading Mastery Exam (WRM) | Achievement |
Robert Breckenridge | Father of public education in Kentucky. wrote anti-papism literature of exclusion of Catholic schools from public funding. |
IDEA- Individuals with disabilities education act | The student shall be given equal opportunity to participate in non-academic or extracurricular activites. |
Psychoanalytic theory | individual that are oftern unaware of many of the factores that determine their emothions and behaviors. |
Lloyd P. Jorgenson | The fundamental asumption of the common school movement the public school would be an agent of moral/social redemption that resulted from non sectarian religious instruction. |
Bernard Bailyn | the idea of public education was created by hisstorians who were educational missionaries |
Ellwood P. Cubberley | State control of education. wanted exper professional supervison of schools. suggested local districts submit to state administrators. |
Booker T. Washington | Advocated vacational education to help African Americans to gain skills that would enable them to get jobs. |
Cherine Beecher | "women as mothers, serve a great purpose in maintaining the health of american democracy. |
John Joseph Hughes | fought for catholic students rights to use their Bible in schools and for taxpayer dollars for Catholic schools. |
Horace Mann | leading figure in common school movement. Led the battle to create a state board of education. Tax supported schools |
Macia's 4 identity statuses | Foreclosure, identity diffusion, moratorium, identity achievement |
Moratorium | experimentation with occupational and ideological choices without difinite commitment |
identity diffusion | inability to develop a clear direction or sense of self. Adolescent has found neither an occupational direction nor an idealogical commitment. |
Foreclosure | An adolescents premature establishment of an identity based on parental choices, not on his or her own |
Identity achievement status | teen has mdade her own conscious, autonomous clear cut decisions about an occupation and ideology that reflects who she is and a deep commitment to these decisions |
Erikson's stage 8-late adulthood | Integrity vs. despair. acceptance of accomplishments, failures, and ultimate limitations brings with it a sense of integrity. |
Erikson's stage 7- middle adulthood | Generativity vs. self-absorption. Interest in establishing and guiding the next generation. |
Erikson's stage 6- young adulthood | Intimacy vs. Isolation. Sharing of your life with one another. Ready to form new relationships of trust and intimacy with another individual. |
Erikson's stage 5- 12 yr. - 18yr. | Identity vs. Role Confusion. Who am I? Increasingly turn away from parents and toward per groups. Rapidly changing physiology, coupled with pressure to make decisions about future education and career. |
Erikson's stage 4- 6yr. - 12 yrs, | Industry vs. Inferiority. Desire to make things. Success brings a sense of industry a good feeling about oneself and ones abilities. failure creates a neg. self image. |
Erikson's stage 3- 3yrs. - 6 yrs. | Initiative vs. Guilt. Vigorous exploration of their physical and social behavior. growing sense of initiative. |
Erikson's stage 2- 18 mo. - 3 yrs. | Autonomy vs. doubt. Strive towards the ability to do things for themselves. desire for power afnd independence. have the dual desire to hold on and to let go. |
Erikson's stage 1- birth - 18 mo. | Trust vs. mistrust. develop and essential trustfulness of others as well as a fundamental sense of ones own trustworthiness |
Psychosocial crisis | according to Erikson, the set of critical issues that individuals nust address as they pass through each of the eight life stages |
Psychosocial theory | A set of principles that releates social environment to psychological development |
Social constructivism | emphasizes the importance of culture and context in understanding what occurs in society and construction knowledge based on this understanding. |
B runer's 4 themes of process of education | 1. structure, 2. readiness, 3.intuition, 4. motivation |
Piaget's theory vs vygotsky's theory | Piagot believed development preceded learningVygotsky believed learning preceded development |
Transitivity | A skill learned during the concrete operational stage when children can mentally arrange and compare objects. |
Seriation | Arranging objects in sequential order according to one aspect, such as size, weight, volume. |
Egocentric | believing that everyone views the world the way exactly as you do. |
Centration | paying attention to only one aspect of an object or situation. |
conservation | the concept that certain properites of an object remain the same regardless of changes in other properties. |
Formal operational stage ages 11-adulthood | stage in which one can deal abstractly with hypothetical situations and can reason logically |
concrete operational stage ages 7-11 | stage where children develop the capacity for logical reasoning and understanding of conservation, but can use these skills only in dealing with familiar situations |
preoperational stage ages 2-7 | children learn to represent things in the mind. development of the ability to use symbols to represent objects in the world. |
sensorimotor stage ages birth - age 2 | infants learn about their surroundings by using their senses and motor skills |
cognitive development | gradual, orderly changes by which mental processes become more complex and sophisticated |
What are the parents rights if they challenge the info in their child's records | hearing performed by uninterested party, attorney, written decision summarzing evidence from hearing officer |
Civil rights act of 1964 | ended segregation in schools |
corporal punishment in schools is prohited by law. True or false | false. it is legal in 22 states |
the law prohibits any form of prayer in schools. Trus of false | False. It just can't be led by teachers or administration. |
Teachers are held to the same moral standards as other citizens. True or false | False |
teachers are responsible for the safety of the students in their classroom. True or False | True |
teachers have the legal right to determine what is taught in their classroom | True. with certain limitations |
Dame Schools | instruction for children provided by a female neighbor in her home. |
Latin Grammer schools | post-primary schooling for wealthy, white males preparing for the ministry |
Massachusetts Act of 1647 | towns with 50+ households to hire a teacher of reading/writing to create scripture literate citzens. |
English grammar school | Established in 1821 a free secondary school meant to meet the needs of boys not planning on attending college |
deafness and hard of hearing | hearing ability is of little use, even with the use of a hearing aid |
Fetal alcohol syndrome | alcohol-related damage/defect of the central nervous system of the fetus. brain damage can occur. |
Down syndrome | Chromosomal- 47 instead of 46. Mild to moderate retardation, heart defects, hearing loss, vision problems. Upper slant eyes, short stature, flat nose, short fingers, reduced muscle tone |
Mental retardation | refers to substantial limitations in present functioning manifests before the age of 18 |
Asperger's syndrome | mild form of autism; may have concomitant learning disabilities and or poos motor skills |
vision impairment | degree of uncorrectable inability to see 1 out of every 1000 children are blind |
speech disorder | oral articulation problems, occur frequently among children in early elementary grades |
language disorder | impairment in student's ability to understand language, or to express ideas in one's native language |
Autism | developmental disability affecting social interactions. verbal/nonverbal communication, extremely withdrawn, engage in self-stimulating activites, resistant to changes in the environment or routine |
Attention deficit disorder (ADHD) | Difficulty in maintaining attention because of limited ability to concentrate accompained by impulsive actions; hyperactive |
Emotional and behavior disorder (EBD) | serious persistant age-inappropriate behaviors resulting in social conflict.inability to build or maintain satisfactory interpersonal relationships |
Learning disability (LD) | disorder in one or more basic psychological processes involved in understanding or using spoken or written language. Normal intelligence, discrepancy between intelligence and performance. delays in achievement; poor motor coordination |
transitivity | A skill learned during the concrete operational stage of cognitive development, where individuals can mentally arrange and compose objects |
seriation | arranging objects in sequential order according to one thing |
object permanence | the fact that an object exists even if it is out of sight |
Reflexes | inborn, automatic responses to stimuli |
motivation | the influence of needs and desires on the intensity and direction of behavior |
constructivism | view of congnitive development that emphasizes the active role of learners in building their own understanding of reality |
equilibration | the process of restoring balance between present understanding and new experiences |
accommodation | modifying existing schemes to fit new situations |
assimilation | understanding new experience in terms of existing schemes |
adaptation | the process of adjusting schemes in response to the environment by means of assimilation and accommadation. |
schemes | mental patterns that guide behavior |
cognitive development | gradual, orderly changes by which mentla processes become more complex and sophisticated |
postmoderism | contends that many societal institutions, including schools, are used by those in power to control those who lack power |
progressivism | emphasizes curriculum that focuses on real-world problem solving and individual development |
essentialsim | belief that a critical core of information exists that all people should possess. |
perennialism | belief that nature and human nature is constant |
students who are learning oriented | when student encounters obstacles, they keep trying and their motivation might increase |
students who are performance oriented | when they run into obstacles they become discouraged and give up |
Piagets theory of cognitive development | a childs intellect progresses through 4 distist stages |
In proposition 187, what did Californians try to do? | deny free education and healthcare services to aliens |
what was the significance of Plyler v. Doe | states have to educate illegal children |
what are the 4 guidelines for children with aids to attend school? | 1. no opern lesions. 2. can control body functions, 3. can control behavior, |
exceptions to compulsory attendance | married students, serving as pages in state legislature, age 14 with work permit, Amish children who have finished the 8th grade |
what was the significance of Pierce v. society of sisters | invalidated Oregon state law requiring children to attend public schools |
Compulsory schools attendance laws generally apply to what ages. | 6-16 |
how does the 10th amendment apply to schools? | lets states develop curriculum departments of education, testing standards, funding, etc |
how does the 8th amendment apply to schools? | corporal punishment is allowed without prior hearing and without prior permission of parents |
How does the 4th amendment apply to schools? | allows metal detectors, searches of lockers, prohibits strip searches, for private property searches schools must have probable cause |
How does the 1st amendment apply to schools? | no one religion in schools, prohibits teachers or education administration from leading prayer or religious groups in schools |
Heteronomous morality | the stage at which children think that rules are unchangeable and that breaking them leads to automatic punishment |
Autonomous morality | the stage at which a person understands taht people make the rules and that punishments are not automatic |
Kolberg's stages of moral reasoning | Level 1 preconventional; stage 1 punishment and obedience, stage 2 instrumental relativist.Level 2- Conventional: stage 3 good boy -good girl, stage 4 law and orderLevel 3 Postconventional; stage 5 social contract, stage 6 universal ethical principles |
expectancy theory | a theory of motivation based on the belief that people's efforts to achieve depend on their expectations of reward |
social learning theory | learning theory that emphasizes not only reinforcement but also the effects of cues on thought and of thought on action |
comprehensive high school | a secondary school that attempts to meet the needs of all students by housing them together and providing curricular options |