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AP psych 1-3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| psychology | the science of behavior and mental processes |
| hindsight bias | the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that you would have known it all along |
| operational definitions | procedures used to define research variables |
| random sample | equal chance of inclusion |
| naturalistic observations | observing behavior and reactions in naturally occurring situations without manipulation or control |
| illusory correlation | the perception of a relationship where there isn't one |
| placebo effect | results caused by expectations |
| independent variable | factor that is manipulated |
| dependent variable | the variable that changes in response to independent variable |
| confirmation bias | a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore contradictory evidence |
| overconfident | the tendency to be more confident than correct |
| critical thinking | thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions, It examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions |
| culture | the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next |
| scientific method | a method of procedure that has characterized natural science since the 17th century, consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses |
| theory | an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes and predicts behaviors or events |
| hypothesis | a testable prediction, often implied by a theory |
| replication | repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances |
| case study | an observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principle |
| representative sample | a subset of a statistical population that accurately reflects the members of the entire population |
| correlation | a measure of the extent to which two factors vary together and thus of how well either factor predicts the other |
| correlation coefficient | a statistical index of the relationship between two things ( from -1 to +1 ) |
| experiment | a research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variable) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (dependent variable) |
| random assignment | assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to the different groups |
| double-blind procedure | both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant (blind) about whether the research participants have received the treatment |
| experimental group | group exposed to treatment |
| control group | group not exposed to treatment |
| quasi-experimental | research shares similarities with the traditional experimental design or randomized controlled trial, but they specifically lack the element of random assignment to treatment or control |
| standard deviation | measure of how much scores vary around the mean of the score |
| statistical significance | statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance |
| probability | the likelihood of something happening |
Created by:
carolineroos
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