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AP psych 1-3

TermDefinition
psychology the science of behavior and mental processes
hindsight bias the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that you would have known it all along
operational definitions procedures used to define research variables
random sample equal chance of inclusion
naturalistic observations observing behavior and reactions in naturally occurring situations without manipulation or control
illusory correlation the perception of a relationship where there isn't one
placebo effect results caused by expectations
independent variable factor that is manipulated
dependent variable the variable that changes in response to independent variable
confirmation bias a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore contradictory evidence
overconfident the tendency to be more confident than correct
critical thinking thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions, It examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions
culture the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next
scientific method a method of procedure that has characterized natural science since the 17th century, consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses
theory an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes and predicts behaviors or events
hypothesis a testable prediction, often implied by a theory
replication repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances
case study an observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principle
representative sample a subset of a statistical population that accurately reflects the members of the entire population
correlation a measure of the extent to which two factors vary together and thus of how well either factor predicts the other
correlation coefficient a statistical index of the relationship between two things ( from -1 to +1 )
experiment a research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variable) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (dependent variable)
random assignment assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to the different groups
double-blind procedure both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant (blind) about whether the research participants have received the treatment
experimental group group exposed to treatment
control group group not exposed to treatment
quasi-experimental research shares similarities with the traditional experimental design or randomized controlled trial, but they specifically lack the element of random assignment to treatment or control
standard deviation measure of how much scores vary around the mean of the score
statistical significance statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance
probability the likelihood of something happening
Created by: carolineroos
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