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QDC1: Week 2
Decision Analysis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Small group with complementary skills who hold themselves mutually accountable for common purpose, goals, and approach is what? | Team |
| What are the four general types of work teams and a couple examples of their outputs? | Advice (decisions, suggestions, recommendations), Production (Food, chemicals, components, assembles), Project (Designs, investigaitons, protoypes, reports), Action (Combat missions, expeditions, contracts, surgical operations) |
| Team members satisfied and willing to contribute is what? | Team Viability |
| What are the characteristics of effective teamwork? | Clear purpose, Informality, Participation, Listening, Civilized disagreement, Open communication, Clear roles, and work assignments, Shared leadership, External relations, Style diversity, Self-assessment |
| Reciprocal faith in others' intentions and behavior is what? | Trust |
| A personality trait involving one's general willingness to trust others is what? | Propensity to Trust |
| What are the six guidelines for building and maintaining trust that Management professor/consultant Fernando Bartolome suggested? | Communication, Support, Respect, Fairness, Predictability, and Competence |
| Being believable through integrity, intent, capabilities and results is what? | Credibility |
| A sense of "we-ness" helps group stick together is what? | Cohesiveness |
| Sense of togetherness based on emotional satisfaction is what? | Socio-emotional cohesiveness |
| Sense of togetherness based on mutual dependency needed to get the job done is what? | Instrumental cohesiveness |
| Information technology allows group members in different locations to conduct business is what? | Virtual team |
| Groups of employees granted administrative oversight for their work is what? | Self-managed teams |
| Team made up of technical specialists from different areas is what? | Cross-functionalism |
| Experiential learning aimed at better internal functioning of groups is what? | Team building |
| Balancing individual and organizational interests through win-win cooperation is what? | Mutuality of interest |
| Ability to get things done with human, informational, and material resources is what? | Social power |
| Directed at helping other is what? | Socialized power |
| Directed at helping oneself is what? | Personalized power |
| Obtaining compliance with promised or actual rewards is what? | Reward power |
| Obtaining compliance through threatened or actual punishment is what? | Coercive power |
| Obtaining compliance through one's knowledge or information is what? | Expert power |
| Obtaining compliance through formal authority is what? | Legitimate power |
| Obtaining compliance through charisma or personal attraction is what? | Referent power |
| Sharing varying degrees of power with lower-level employees to tap their full potential is what? | Empowerment |
| Involving employees in various forms of decision making is what? | Participative management |
| Granting decision-making authority to people at lower levels is what? | Delegation |
| Going beyond formal job requirements and being an active self-starter is what? | Personal initiative |
| Intentional enhancement of self-interest is what? | Organizational politics |
| What are the five common sources of uncertainty within organizations? | Unclear objectives, Vague performance measures, Ill-defined decision processes, Strong individual or group competition, and Any type of change. |
| Temporary groupings of people who actively pursue a single issue is what? | Coalition |
| Getting others to see us in a certain manner is what? | Impression management |
| Person's self-perception as a physical, social, spiritual being is what? | Self-Concept |
| A person's knowledge, opinions, or beliefs is what? | Cognitions |
| One's overall self-evaluation is what? | Self-esteem |
| Branden's Six Pillars of Self-Esteem are what? | Live consciously, Be self-accepting, Take personal responsibility, Be self-assertive, Live purposefully, and Have personal integrity. |
| Belief in one's ability to do a task is what? | Self-efficacy |
| Observing one's own behavior and adapting it to the situation is what? | Self-monitoring |
| Organizational values or beliefs become part of one's self-identity is what? | Organizational identification |
| Stable physical and mental characteristics responsible for a person's identity is what? | Personality |
| What are the big five personality dimensions? | Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional stability, and Opennes to experience. |
| A person characteristics of outgoing, talkative, sociable, and assertive are known as? | Extraversion |
| A person characteristics of trusting, good-natured, cooperative, and softhearted are known as? | Agreeableness |
| A person characteristics of dependable, responsible, achievement oriented, and persistent are known as? | Conscientiousness |
| A person characteristics of relaxed, secure, and unworried are known as? | Emotional stability |
| A person characteristics of intellectual, imaginative, curious, and broad-minded are known as? | Opennes to experience |
| Action-oriented person who shows initiative and perseveres to change things is what? | Proactive personality |
| Attributing outcomes to one's own actions is what? | Internal locus of control |
| Attributing outcomes to circumstances beyond one's control is what? | External locus of control |
| Stable characteristic responsible for a person's maximum physical or mental performance is what? | Ability |
| Specific capacity to manipulate objects is what? | Skill |
| Capacity for constructive thinking, reasoning, problem solving is what? | Intelligence |
| What are the mental abilities underlying performance? | Verbal comprehension, Word fluency, Numerical, Spatial, Memory, Perceptual speed, and Inductive reasoning. |
| What are Gardner's concept of multiple intelligences (MI) including not only cognitive abilities but social and physical abilities and skill as well? | Linguistic intelligence, Logical-mathematical intelligence, Musical intelligence, Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, Spatial intelligence, Interpersonal intelligence, Intrapersonal intelligence, and Naturalist intelligence. |
| Complex human reactions to personal achievements and setbacks that may be felt and displayed are what? | Emotions |
| What are considered positive emotions (goal congruent)? | Happiness, joy, pride, love, affection, and relief. |
| What are considered negative emotions (goal uncongruent)? | Anger, fright, anxiety, guilt, shame, sadness, envy, jealousy, and disgust. |
| Ability to manage oneself and interact with others in mature and constructive ways is what? | Emotional intelligence |
| How does one develop personal and social competence through emotional intelligence? | Personal Competences of Self-Awareness and Self-Management and Social Competences of Social Awaremenss and Relationship Management. |
| Striving for success by developing one's self-efficacy, optimism, hope, and resiliency is what? | Psychological capital |
| The ability to handle pressure and quickly bounce back from personal and career setbacks is what? | Resiliency |
| A demanding, repetitive, and assisted program to improve one's performance is what? | Deliberate practice |
| What is "a realistic assessment of one's own contribution and the recognition of the contribution of others, along with luck and good fortune that made one's own success possible?" | Humility |
| Identifying and choosing solutions that lead to a desired end result is what? | Decision making |
| What proposes that managers use a rational, four-step sequence when making decisions like: identifying the problem, generating alternative solutions, selecting a solution, and implementing and evaluating the solution? | Rational model |
| What exists when the actual situation and the desired situation differ? | Problem |
| What is a speculative, conjectural forecast tool used to identify future states, given a certain set of environmental conditions? | Scenario technique |
| What involves solving problems by producing the best possible solution and is based on a set of highly desirable assumptions? | Optimizing |
| Explain how decisions actually are made is what? | Nonrational models |
| Constraints that restrict rational decision making is what? | Bounded rationality |
| Choosing a solution that meets a minimum standard of acceptance is what? | Satisficing |
| What are decisions that result from a complex interaction between four independent streams of events such as problems, solutions, participants, and choice opportunitites? | Garabage can model |
| What represents rules of thumb or shortcuts that people use to reduce information-processing demands? | Judgmental heuristics |
| What is "the development of tools, processes, systems, structures, and cultures explicitly to improve the creation, sharing, and use of knowledge critical for decision making?" | Knowledge management (KM) |
| What "entails information that is difficult to express, formalize, or share it is unconsciouly acquired from the experiences one has while immersed in an environment?" | Tacit knowledge |
| What can easily be put into words and explained to others? | Explicit knowledge |
| A combination of how individuals perceive and respond to information is what? | Decision-making style |
| What "is a capacity for attaining direct knowledge or understanding without the apparent intrusion of rational thought or logical inference?" | Intuition |
| What is a graphical representation of the process underlying decisions and it shows the resulting consequences of making various choices? | Decision tree |
| Presenting opinions and gaining agreement to support a decision is what? | Consensus |
| What is used to help groups generate multiple ideas and alternatives for solving problems? | Brainstorming |
| What helps groups generate ideas and evaluate and select solutions? | Nominal group technique (NGT) |
| What is a group process that anonymously generates ideas or judgements from physically dispersed experts? | Delphi technique |
| Process of developing something new or unique is what? | Creativity |
| What is defined as "the exchange of information between a sender and a receiver, and the inference (perception) of meaning between the individuals involved? | Communication |
| Process in which receivers create their own meaning is what? | Perceptual Model of Communication |
| What represents anything that interferes with the transmission and understanding of a message? | Noise |
| What represents any individual attributes that hinder communication? | Personal barriers |
| What is the study of words? | Semantics |
| What represents language or terminology that is specific to a particular profession, group, or company? | Jargon |
| What is defined as the ability to communicate effectively in specific situations? | Communication competence |
| What is "(a)ny message, sent or received independent of the written or spoken word (outside of the written or spoken word)? | Nonverbal communication |
| What is the process of actively decoding and interpreting verbal messages? | Listening |
| A person's typical speaking pattern is what? | Linguistic style |
| What entails the temporary use of communication behaviors typical of the other gender in order to increase the potential for influence? | Genderflex |
| What follow the chain of command or organizational structure? | Formal communication channels |
| What do not follow the chain of command? | Informal communication channels |
| What represents the unofficial communicaion system of the informal organization and encompasses all types of communication media? | Grapevine |
| Who are people who consistently pass along grapevine information to others known as? | Liaison individuals |
| Who use the grapevine for a different purpose such as negative to enhance their power and status? | Organizational moles |
| What involves managers literally walking around the organization and informally talking to people from all departments and levels? | Management by walking around (MBWA) |
| What involves the capacity of a given communication medium to convey information and promote understanding? | Media richness |
| Doing work generally performed in the office at home or in other convenient locations using advanced communication technologies is what? | Telecommuting/Teleworking |
| Prize established by the Japanese and awarded annually to firms that distinguish themselves with quality management programs is what? | Deming Prize |
| Performance, aesthetics, special features, conformance, reliability, durability, perceived quality, and serviceability is what? | Dimensions of quality |
| What refers to the intention of designers to include ot exclude certain features in a product or service? | Quality of design |
| What refers to the degree to which goods and services conform to the intent of the designers? | Quality of conformance |
| What relates to inspection, testing, and other activities intended to uncover defective products or services, or to assure that there are none? | Appraisal costs |
| What relates to attempts to prevent defects from occurring? | Prevention costs |
| What are incurred by defective parts or products or by faulty services? | Failure costs |
| What are those discovered during the production process? | Internal failures |
| What are those discovered after delivery to the customer? | External Failures |
| What approach focuses on the economics of quality efforts? | Return on quality |
| Annual award given by the U.S. government to recognize quality achievements of U.S. companies is what? | Baldrige Award |
| What is Europe's most prestigious award for organizational excellence? | European Quality Award |
| What pertains to a set of international standards on quality management and quality assurance, critical to international business? | ISO 9000 |
| What pertains to a set of international standards for assessing a company's environmental performance? | ISO 14000 |
| What pertains to a set of international standards for the quality and performance of office equipment that contains reused components? | ISO 24700 |
| What refers to a quest in an organization that involves everyone in that organization in a continual effort to improve quality and achieve customer satisfaction? | Total quality management (TQM) |
| Incorporating design elements that prevent incorrect procedures is what? | Fail-safing |
| Philosophy that seeks to make never-ending improvements to the process of converting inputs into outputs is what? | Continuous improvement |
| Japanese term for continuous improvement is what? | Kaizen |
| What refers to the philosophy of making each worker responsible for the quality of his or her work? | Quality at the source |
| What term has several meanings (improving quality, reducing costs, and increasing customer satisfaction); statistically, it means having no more than 3.4 defects per million opportunitites in any process, product, or service? | Six Sigma |
| A six sigma process that means define, measure, analyze, improve, and control is what? | DMAIC |
| What is an approach to continuous improvement that integrates lean operation principles and six sigma techniques? | Lean/Six Sigma |
| What is referred to as either the Shewhart cycle or the Deming wheel and is the conceptual basis for problem-solving activities? | Plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycle |
| What is a systematic approach to improving a process that involves documentation, measurement, and analysis for the purpose of improving the functioning of a process? | Process improvement |
| What is a visual representation of a process that is a problem-solving tool and flowchart that can help investigators in identifying possible points in a process where problems occur? | Flowchart |
| What is a simple tool frequently used for problem identification that provides a format that enables users to record and organize data in a way that facilitates collection and analysis? | Check sheet |
| What can be useful in getting a sense of the distribution of observed values that among other things, one can see if the distribution is symmetrical, waht the range of vales is and if there are any unusual values? | Histogram |
| What is a technique for focusing attention on the most important problem areas that a relatively few factors generally account for a large percentage or the total cases? | Pareto analysis |
| What can be useful in deciding if there is a correlation between the values of two variables? | Scatter diagram |
| A statistical chart of time-ordered values of a sample statistic is what? | Control chart |
| A diagram used to search for the cause(s) of a problem; also known as a fishbone diagram or as a Ishikawa diagram is what? | Cause-and-effect diagram |
| What is a tool for tracking results over a period of time? | Run chart |
| What is a technique in which a group of people share thoughts and ideas on problems in a relaxed atmosphere that encourages unrestrained collective thinking? | Brainstorming |
| What is a widely used tool for organizing data (ideas, issues, problems) developed by a group of participants into logical categories for further analysis? | Affinity diagram |
| Groups of workers who meet to discuss ways of improving products or processes is what? | Quality circles |
| What is the name of the technique for identifying problems and collecting information? | Interviewing |
| What is the process of measuring performance against the best in the same or another industry? | Benchmarking |
| What is the method of asking questions about a process that includes what, why, where, when, who, how and how much? | 5W2H |
Created by:
Rika78
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