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PS TNOM Chapter 2
States of Matter
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Matter | Anything that has mass and volume (takes up space) |
| Solid | Matter with definite shape and volume |
| Amorphous Solid | Any solid lacking definite crystalline shape |
| Cohesion | The sticking together of like particles due to inter-molecular forces |
| Surface Tension | The tendency of some liquids to stick together and resist pushing or pulling apart at the surface |
| Liquid | Matter with definite volume but indefinite shape |
| Viscosity | Resistance to flowing |
| Gas | Matter with indefinite shape and indefinite volume |
| Melting | Phase change from a solid to a liquid |
| Specific Heat Capacity | The amount of thermal energy required to change the temperature of one gram of substance by one degree Celsius |
| Temperature | A measure of the average translational kinetic energy of particles in a substance |
| Heat | The movement of thermal energy from one substance to another |
| Freezing | Phase change from a liquid to a solid |
| Vaporization | Phase change from a liquid to a gas |
| Condensation | Phase change from a gas to a liquid |
| Sublimation | Phase change from a solid directly into a gas |
| Deposition | Phase change from a gas directly into a solid |
| Pressure | The force exerted by an object divided by the area over which it is exerted. |
| Force | A push or a pull |
| Bernoulli's Principle | In fluid dynamics, the principle that states that when the speed of a fluid increases, the pressure it exerts decreases |
| Buoyant Force | An upward force exerted by a fluid that opposes the weight of an immersed object |
| Archimede's Principle | Principle that states that the buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of fluid displaced by the object |
| Pascal's Principle | Principle that states that when a force is applied to a confined fluid, the change in pressure that results is exerted equally throughout the fluid |
| Density | Mass of a substance divided by its volume. The ratio of mass to volume for any substance. |