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Dep test 1
Human Growth and Development
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Nature | The heredity information we receive from our parents at the moment of conception. |
| Nurture | Complex forces of the physical and social world that influences our biological makeup and psychological experiences before and after birth. |
| Lifespan perspective | the perspective that development is lifelong, multidimensional, multi-directional, plastic, multidisciplinary, and contextual; involves growth, maintenance, and regulation; and is constructed through biological, soci-cultural, and individual factors. |
| Resilience | The ability to adapt effectively in the face of threats to development. |
| Freud | From 1856-1939, a Viennese physician. Treated emotionally troubled adults by talking to them about painful childhood events. Developed the psycho sexual theory, and ID, Ego, Superego. |
| Piaget | From 1896-1980. Swiss cognitive theorist. Developed the cognitive-development theory. |
| Information processing | Perspective that the human mind might also be viewed as a symbol-manipulating system through which information flows. |
| Naturalistic observation | A method of going into the field or natural environment, and recording the behavior of interest. |
| Correlational design | Researchers gather information on individuals, generally in natural life circumstances, without altering their experiences. They look at relationships between characteristics and their behavior or development. |
| Experimental design | Permits inferences about cause and effect because researchers use an evenhanded procedure to assign people to two or more treatment conditions. |
| Independent variable | The one that researchers expect to cause change to another variable. |
| Dependent variable | The one that researchers expect to be influenced by another variable. |
| Random assignment | By using an unbiased procedure, such as drawing numbers out of a hat or flipping a coin, investigators increase the chances that participants' characteristics will be equally distributed across treatment groups. |
| Longitudinal design | Participants are studied repeatedly over a long period of time and changes are noted as they get older. |
| Cross-sectional design | Groups of people differing in age are studied at the same point in time. |
| Phenotypes | The set of observable characteristics in an individual. |
| Chromosomes | Rod-like structures which store and transmit genetic information. |
| Gene | A segment of DNA along the length of a chromosome. |
| Zygote | The resulting cell when a sperm and ovum unite at conception. |
| XX | 23rd pair of sex chromosomes in a female. |
| XY | 23rd pair of sex chromosomes in a male. |
| Fraternal/Dizygotic Twins | The most common type of multiple offspring, resulting from the release and fertilization of two ova. |
| Identical/Monzygotic Twins | Happens when a zygote starts to cluster into two sets of sells that develop into two different individuals with the same genetic makeup. |
| Dominant-Recessive Inheritance | Occurs when Occurs when one allele effects the inheritance (dominant) affects the child's characteristics. The second allele has no effect because it's recessive. |
| Genetic cousiling | A communication process designed to help couples assess their chances of giving birth to a baby with a hereditary disorder and choose the best course of action in view of risks and family goals. |
| Collectivist Society | People define themselves as part of a group and stress group goals over individual goals. |
| Individualistic society | People think of themselves as separate entities and are largely concerned with their own personal needs. |
| Fertilization | When the egg and sperm meet this process happens. |
| Teratogen | External, environmental agent that can cause birth defects to an embryo after maternal exposure. |
| Fetal Alcohol Syndrome | Distinguished by a slow physical growth, A.) short eyelid openings B.) A thin upper lip C.) a smooth or flat Philtrum. |
| Fish in pregnancy | Can contain high levels of mercury and are not safe for mother to consume during pregnancy. |
| Rh factor incompatibility | When the mother is Rh negative and the father is Rh positive, the baby may inherit the fathers blood. If any of the blood passes from the placenta to the bloodstream, mom will produce antibodies. |
| First labor for mothers | Labor can go very slow, most taking around 12-24 hours. |
| Apgar scale | Scale from 0-2. To asses the newborns physical condition quickly. |
| Midwife | Professional trained to deliver the baby at home or at the hospital for a much lower price. |
| Epidural | The most commonly used pain control method during birth. Inserted through a catheter into a small space in the lower spine. |
| Moro reflex | Normally present in all infants/newborns up to 4 or 5 months of age. A response to a sudden loss of support, when the infant feels as if it is falling. It involves three distinct components: spreading out the arms, unspreading the arms,and crying. |
| Rooting reflex | A reflex that is seen in normal newborn babies, who automatically turn the face toward the stimulus and make sucking (rooting) motions with the mouth when the cheek or lip is touched. The rooting reflex helps to ensure successful breastfeeding. |
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Hallierob1012
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