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egan ch 13
rt zone
Question | Answer |
---|---|
what is the state called in which arterial blood is more acidic than normal ?aka increased concentration of hydrogen ions. | acidemia |
what is the difference called between the normal buffer base and the actual buffer base in a whole blood sample? | base excess (BE) |
abreviation base excess | BE |
what is alkalemia? | decreased hydrogen ion concentration in the blood; blood pH greater than 7.45 |
how is BE expressed? | mEq/L |
what is the normal BE? | +2 mEq/L |
what is the buffer base? | the total blood buffer capable of binding hydrogen ions |
what is the normal blood buffer base (NBB) range? | 48-52 mEq/L |
what is a titrable, nonvolitile acid called? | fixed acid |
what does a fixed acid represent? | the by-product of protein catabolism |
what kind of acids are phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid? | fixed |
what is the Henderson-Hasselbalch (H-H) equation? | the specific equation for calculating the pH of the bicarbonate buffer system of the blood |
what does pH = 6.1 + log HCO3-/(PaCO2 x 0.03) represent? | H-H equation |
what is the importance of the H-H equation? | it equals the pH of blood plasma, and since all buffer systems in the blood are in equilibrium, the pH of one system equals the pH of the entire plasma solution. |
what is hypercapnia? | excess amounts of CO2 in the blood (PaCO2) |
what is the presence of lower than normal amounts of CO2 in the blood (PaCO2)? | hypocapnia |
define metabolic acidosis? | non-respiratory processes resulting in acidemia |
what is called when non-respiratory processes, such as losing fixed acid or gaining HCO3-, result in alkalemia? | metabolic alkalosis |
define respiratory alkalosis? | hyperventilation, resulting in alkalemia |
define respiratory acidosis. | hypoventilation, the loss of HCO3- or gaining fixed acids resulting in acidemia |
the plasma concentration of HCO3- that exists if PCO2 is normal is known as ____ | standard bicarbonate |
diabetes | |
ventilation | |
how do the kidneys compensate for respiratory acidosis | |