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physics
Radiologic Science Physics module 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| nucleon | a proton or a neutron |
| ionized | referring to an atom that has an extra electron or has had an electron removed |
| centripetal force | force that keeps an electron in orbit |
| electron binging energy | strength of attachment of an electron to the nucleus |
| photon | electromagnetic radiation that has neither mas nor electric charge but interacts with matter a though it has a particle |
| beta partcle | ionizing radiation with characteristics of an electron; emitted from the nucleus of a radioactive atom |
| alpha particle | particulate form of ionizing radiation that consists of two protons and two neutrons; nucleus of helium emitted from the nucleus of a radioactive atom |
| nonionizing radation | radiation for which the mechanism of action in tissue does not directly ionize atomic or molecular systems through a single interaction |
| radioactive disintergratation | process by which the nucleus spontaneously emits particles and energy and transforms itself into another atom to reach stability |
| mass | a quantity of matter; measured in kilograms (kg) |
| weight | force on a mass that is caused by the acceleration of gravity; expressed in newton (N) |
| atom | smallest particle of an element that cannot be divided or broken by chemical means |
| potential energy | ability to do work by virtue of position |
| kinetic energy | energy of motion |
| electrical energy | work that can be done when an electron or an electronic charge moves through an electric potential |
| cathode rays | stream of electrons |
| electronmagnetic radiation | oscillating electric and magnetic fields that travel in a vacuum with the velocity of light |
| energy levels | orbits around the nucleus that contains a designed number of electrons |
| atomic mass unit | mass of a neutral atom of a element, expressed as one-twelfth of the mass of carbon which has an arbitrarily value of 12 |
| chemical energy | energy released by chemical reaction |
| compare mass and weight? | mass is actuallt described by its energy equivalence; weight is the force extered on a body under the influence of gravity |
| what is the scientific unit for mass? | kilogram |
| what is energy? | the ability to do work |
| what is potential energy and an example? | the ablity to do work by virtue of position. example: a roller coaster on top of the incline and the stretched spring of an open screen door |
| what is kinetic energy and an example? | the energy of motion; it is possessed by all matter in motion. Example: moving car or a turning windmill |
| what is an example of electromagnetic energy? | type of energy in x-rays , radio waves, microwaves and visible light |
| what is meant by mass-energy equilvilance? | mass-energy equivalence means energy is equal to mass multiplied by the square of the speed of light E=mc2 |
| what is radiation? | energy emitted and transferred through space |
| what happens when an atom is ionized? | |
| what is ionizing radiation? | a special type of radiation that includes xrays, any type of radiation that is capable of removing an orbital electron from the atom with which it interect |
| what are 4 kinds of natural radiation? | cosmic rays, radon, terrestrial radiation, internally deposited radionuclides |
| what is newton's first law and the associated term? | inertia. a body will remain at rest or continue to move with constant velocity in a straight line unless acted on by an external force |
| what is newton's second law and the associated term? | force. the force that will act on an abject is equal to the mass o the object multiplied by the acceleration produced |
| what is newton's third law? | action/reaction. for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction |
| what is the formula for kinetic energy? | KE - 1/2mv(squared) |
| what is heat? | the kinetic energy of the random motion of molecules |
| what is conduction heat transfer? | the transfer of heat through a material or by touching |
| what is convection heat transfer? | the mechanical transfer of "hot" molecules in a gas or liquid from one place to another |
| what is thermal radiation heat transfer? | the transfer of heat by the emission of infrared radiation |
| what are the 3 kinds of heat transfer? | conductive, convection, and thermal radiation |
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futureRT
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