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Egan ch 13 acid-base
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acid-Base Balance | Refers to physiologic mechanisms that keep [H+] body fluids in a range compatible with life |
| Normal range for pH in body fluids (Corresponding to [H+] of 45-35 nmol/L) | 7.3 - 7.4 |
| Ratio for pH to bicarb is ___ | 20:1 |
| Hydrogen ions (H+) formed in body come from either____ or ____ acids | Volitile Fixed (non volitile) |
| Normal aerobic metabolism generates aproximately ____ of ____ producing equal amount of ___ | 13000 mmol/L CO2 H+ |
| Blood buffers are classified as ___ or ___ buffer systems | Bicarbonate Non bicarbonate |
| Bicarbonate buffer system is a ___ buffer ___ | Open System |
| Nonbicrabonate is called a ___ buffer ____ | Closed System |
| ______ system compensates for fixed ____ production preventing significant increase in ___ | Respiratory Acid H+ |
| Fixed acid production is ____ averaging only about __ - __ meq/day | Small 50 70 |
| Abreviation for hydrochloric acid | HCl |
| Weak acids and ___ ionize to a __ extent | Bases Small |
| Nearly 100% HCl molecules dissocate to form __ & __ | H+ Cl- |
| ___ ___ of an acid is a measure of extent to the acid dissociate (___) | |
| Equilibrium constant Ionize | |
| H-H equation [HCO3-] pH=6.1+log ----------- Paco2Ã.03 | Henderson Hasselbach equation |
| The Henderson Hasselbach (H-H) equation is specifically used for calculating the ___ of the ____ buffer system | pH Bicarbonate |
| Calculation of pH is importance because it equals pH of ___ ___ because all buffer systems in the blood are in ____ with the same pH | Blood Plasma Equalibrium |
| Blood gas analyzers measure __ & ___ but compute [___] | pH PCO2 HCO3- |
| Normal arterial pH is | 7.4 |
| Normal PaCO2 is | 40mmHg |
| Bicarbonate buffer system is an open system meaning one of its components is continually removed which is (ventilation) | CO2 |
| Formula for bicarbonate buffersystem is | Exhaled gas <- CO2+H2O <- H2CO3 <- H2CO3-+H+ |
| kidneys physically remove H+ from the body by three ways (functions) | Excretion Secretion Reabsorbtion |
| (Kidney function) excretion | Elimination of substance from body through urine |
| (Kidney function) Secretion | Renal tubule cells actively transport substances into fluid of tubule lumen or filtrate |
| (Kidney function) Reabsorbtion | Active or passive transport of filtrate sustances back into tubile cell into blood of nearby capullarries |
| Kidneys excrete less then ___ meq of fixed acid per day | 100 |
| Do kidneys or lungs change blood PCO2 faster | Lungs |
| Lungs can change PCO2 in blood with in | Seconds |
| Kidneys can change PCO2 through renal process at a slow rate requiring __ to ___ | Hrs Days |
| _____ is the component of renal nephron responsible for filtering the blood | Glomerulus |
| Excreted filtrate | Urine |
| When the filtrate pH decreases to __ H+ secretion stops | 4.5 |
| Normally kidneys maintain arterial ____ concentration of approximately ___ to ___ mEq/L | Bicarbonate 22 26 |
| Normal pH range is | 7.35 - 7.45 |
| Normal PaCO2 is | 35 - 45 mmHg |
| Normal [HCO3-] is | 22 - 26mEq/L |
| Blood pH greater then 7.45 | Alkalemia |
| Blood pH less then 7.35 | Acidemia |
| PaCO2 less then 35mmHg | Hyperventilation |
| PaCO2 greater then 45mmHg | |
| Hypoventilation | |
| 80% of CO2 comes from____ | Tissues |
| ____ comes from the aveoli not being ventilated enough | Respiratory Acidosis |
| Co2 goes up to 45 while PH falls below 7.5 | Respiratory acidosis |
| If rate is above 20 they are | hypoxic |
| ____ (avelor hyperventilation)-lowers arterial Paco2, decreases carbonic acid thus increasing PH | Respiratory Alkalosis |
| ____-low Hco3- with low PH causes increased fixed acid accumulation (lactic acidosis in anaerobic metabolism) | metabolic acidosis |
| excessive loss of Hco-3 gives____ | dirrhea |
| if PH is above 7.2 the body tries to reach | |
| Homeostasis | |
| what is a stable mixture of two or more substances in a single phase, that cannot be separated by centurfuge? | solution |
| What is a substance that dissolves? | solute |
| what is a medium in which a substance dissoled? | solvent |
| what are colloids also know as? | dispersions gels |
| a substance consisting of large molecules that attract and hold water | colloid |
| How are molecules in colloids distributed? | uniformly |
| Do colloids settle? | not usually |
| What is an example of a colloid? | the protoplasm inside of cells |
| What is a suspension? | they are composed of large particles that float in a liquid. |
| can a suspension be physically separated by centerfugation? | yes |
| Give an example of a suspension? | RBC in plasma |
| what does NaCl stand for? | sodium chloride |
| what is the normal body cellular tonicity of sodium chloride? | 0.9% |
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Jr3
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