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SPC Diag Procedures
SPC Diagnostic Procedures Units 1 & 2 Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is MIP? | Maximum Inspiratory Pressure, normal: -50 to -100, how hard a pt can inhale air - assess muscle strength/atrophy |
| What is MEP? | Maximum Expiratory Pressure, normal: 80 to 100, how hard a pt blows air out - assess muscle strength/atrophy |
| What is Peak Flow? | Tells how open/closed pt's airways are, good for COPD & asthma pts |
| What is MVV? | Max. Voluntary Ventilation: Tells how hard & fast a pt can breath for 1 min or 10secs x 6 = 1min. Normal: 35xFEV1 or >40% predicted. Measure of cardiopulmonary reserve. |
| Wright's Spirometer | Turbine, breaks easy, expensive, can't do an FVC but can do an SVC w/ bacteria filter |
| Body Plethysmography (body box) | Measures air 'trapped' in obstructed airways to determine FRC. |
| Spirometer calibrating devices | Super syringe, rotometer, rotary pump |
| Open Circuit Washout | Measures % of N2 in the alveolar gas after pt breathes 100% O2 for 7 mins, normal N2: 2.5% after 7 mins, test ends when pts exhaled N2 < 1%. Measures how much O2 used to replenish RV. |
| Closed Circuit Test | Pt breathes in He mixed w/ air = 10-15%He concentration, use an absorber to remove exhaled CO2 so pt doesn't rebreathe it, small amount of O2 used so pt doesn't become hypoxic. Measures amount of He going in & out to determine RV |
| FEV1/FVC < 80% = | Obstructed |
| FVC < 80% predicted = | Resricted |
| Obstructive Lung Diseases | Cystic Fibrosis, Bronchitis(chronic), Asthma, Bronchiectasis, Emphysema (airway issues) |
| Restrictive Lung Diseases | Lung cancer, Pneumoconiosis, Pulmonary Fibrosis, Sarcoidosis, Silicosis (alveoli / chest wall issues) |
| Spirometry indications | Detect the presence/absence of lung disease, quantify the extent of known disease on lung function, measure effects of occupational/environmental exposures, +/- effects of therapy, assess risk for surgical procedures, evaluate disability/impairment |
| What is FEF200-1200? | Measures flow early in the expiratory maneuver, requ pt effort, measures flow in larger airways |
| What is FEF25%-75%? | Measures exp flow rates at a later pt in the maneuver & incl flow from medium & small airways, <80% pt on way to developing airway disease, Normal: 4-5L/sec |
| Indirect Spirometry methods | Gas Dilution(open or closed circuit) and Body Plethysmography |
| What is Indirect Spirometry? | Used to determine lung volumes not measurable by direct spirometry - RV, FRC, TLC |
| Volume | How much |
| Flow | How fast |
| Pressure | How hard |
| FVC instructions | Deep breath in, fast & full breath out |
| What is FVC1? | Total volume of air exhaled in one second |
| What is FVC3? | Total volume of air exhaled in three seconds |
| What is SVC? | Slow Vital Capacity |
| FVC & SVC s/b | Similar, if not there's an obstruction |
| Short & Fat Loops indicate | Obstruction |
| Tall & Skinny Loops indicate | Restriction |
| Scoop in the Loop | The further down the loop = the further down the lung |
| What is Back Extrapolation? | Moving the procedure start time |
| What is FENO? | Fraction of Expired Nitric Oxide. High FENO = increased airway inflammation |
| FVC increases by 12% or more = | Improvement |
| How to detect pneumonia? | Xray |
| Don't do spirometry when? | Acute situations |
| Reduced flow = | Obstructive |
| Reduced volumes = | Restrictive |
| Closed circuit restrictions | Ruptured eardrums |
| TLC% | 100 |
| VC% | 80 |
| RV% | 20 |
| IC% | 60 |
| FRC% | 40 |
| IRV% | 50 |
| Vt% | 10 |
| ERV% | 20 |
| Why do we perform spirometry on pts? | To find out if they are obstructed, restricted, both, or neither by measuring their volumes and flows |
| What is PVM? | Primary volume measuring spirometers: measure the volume of air moving out of the pt's lungs then / it by the time requ to move this volume to determine flow |
| What is PFM? | Primary flow measuring spirometers: measure the amount of flow moving out of the pt's lungs then x it by the amount of time to move this flow to determine volume |
| Where can spirometry be performed? | Pt room, bedside, physician's office, PFT lab, outpatient clinic, hospital |
| Who sets the calibration standards for spirometers? | American Thoracic Society |
| What is a VC? | The amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inspiration |
| How to tell if a pt has a pseudorestriction | If pt appears restricted but has an RV greater than 100% predicted |
Created by:
vgflgirl
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