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SALT 9th Science
SALT 9th Science - Chp 10-11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| evolution | the false belief that the universe and all that is in it originated by natural process over billions of years |
| index fossil | a fossil considered to be characteristic of a specific period |
| Eohippus | a dog-sized mammal once thought to be the ancestor of the horse |
| special creation | the belief that God called the universe and all that is in it into existence out of nothing or “ex nihilo” |
| limestone | the type of rock most commonly associated with caverns |
| uniformitarianism | the false belief that all geological processes have always proceeded at the same rate |
| mass wasting | general term for movements of rock and soil caused by gravity |
| ice wedging | a type of physical weathering that occurs when rainwater or melted ice soaks into tiny cracks in a rock and freezes, splitting the rock |
| punctuated equilibrium hypothesis | the evolutionary hypothesis that states new kinds of organisms arise as a result of drastic environmental changes, which cause the species to radically change in just a few generations |
| exfoliation | a type of mechanical weathering involving the breaking or peeling away of rock in layers, often associated with granite |
| Neanderthal man | presently is now recognized as 100% human |
| stalagmite | a spirelike mass of dripstone on the floor of a cave |
| natural selection | the idea that the fittest and strongest of each species are more likely to survive and reproduce than weaker or unfit members of the species |
| delta | a fan-shaped deposit of sediments that forms at the mouth of a river |
| load | the sediments carried by a stream |
| oxbow lake | a type of lake formed when a sharp curve in a river is cut off from the rest of the river |
| striae | large, deep grooves and scratches in rock, produced by glaciers |
| meander | a winding, looping curve in the course of a river on a soft, flat flood plain |
| loess | deposits of clay and silt left by a sandstorm |
| Charles Darwin | popularized evolution with the book On the Origin of Species |
| Homo habilis | a 3-foot tall, chimpanzeelike “missing link” wrongly classified in the same genus as man |
| flood plain | a region of level or nearly level land bordering a river, that becomes covered by river water in flood time |
| Charles Lyell | the geologist who popularized uniformitarianism |
| weathering | the process by which rocks are broken down by the forces of nature |
| Seymouria | a “missing link” once thought to be a transitional form between amphibians and reptiles; now recognized as a true amphibian |
| transitional forms | a hypothetical fossil that would show signs of evolving from one kind of organism into another; a “missing link” |
| drainage basin | the region of land drained by a stream or river system |
| australopithecines | group of extinct apes to which “Lucy” belongs |
| fossils | the preserved remains of plants, animals, or humans in sedimentary rock |
| carbonic acid | a natural acid found in rainwater and ground water that promotes chemical weathering of rocks |
| Coelecanth | a “missing link” once thought to be a transitional form between fish and amphibians; found alive in 1938 and discovered to be 100% fish |
| sea stack | a pillar-like structure of rock formed when the middle of a sea arch collapses |
| Homo erectus | “upright man” |
| Ice Age | the period of history during which much of the earth’s high latitudes were apparently covered with glaciers |
| drumlin | a low hill formed when a glacier overruns a moraine |
| theistic evolution | a modified form of evolutionary hypothesis that attempts to reconcile the Bible and evolution |
| abrasion | sandblasting action of windblown sand |
| paleontology | the study of fossils |
| levee | a natural ridge along the edge of a river channel |
| geologic column | a hypothetical time scale devised by evolutionists that supposedly charts both the earth’s history and the sequence of the rock layers in the earth’s crust |
| Archaeopteryx | a “missing link” once thought to be a transitional form between reptiles and birds; now considered a true bird |
| karst regions | regions of the earth’s surface where limestone is exposed and abundant |
| moraines | the piles of debris left behind when a glacier melts |
| water table | the level of standing ground water beneath the earth’s surface |
| alluvial fan | a fan-shaped deposit of sediments at the mouth of a dry stream bed in the desert |
| erosion | the process by which soil, sand, or rock fragments produced by weathering are carried away by wind or water |
| principle of uniformity | states that the same scientific laws in operation today have existed throughout the earth’s history |
| polystrate fossils | fossils that extend through several strata |
| Where is the geological column found in its entirety in the earth’s crust? | nowhere |
| What is the most important evidence against evolution in the fossil record? | the lack of transitional forms |
| three ways to prevent erosion | planting trees, grasses, or other vegetation; careful planning of drainage systems; terracing; strip-cropping; construction of artificial levees and dams; planting of dune-living grasses; construction of windbreak fences and breakwaters |
| two types of weathering | physical weathering, chemical weathering |
| two types of glaciers | continental glacier, valley glacier |
| three types of sand dunes | crescent dunes, parabolic dunes, transverse dunes |
Created by:
kbtarheelgirl
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